Notes for Consolidation and maintenance: Lenin's foreign policy - IB | RevisionDojo
Consolidation and maintenance: Lenin's foreign policy Notes
Consolidation and Maintenance: Lenin’s Foreign Policy
After the October Revolution (1917), Lenin’s government faced both internal civil war and external hostility.
Foreign policy became essential for survival: to exit WWI, to gain time to consolidate power, and to promote global revolution.
Lenin
Key Features
1. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918)
Signed with Germany to withdraw Russia from WWI.
Terms: Russia lost ~1/3 of its population, 27% of farmland, 26% of railways, and 74% of iron and coal production.
Seen as a humiliating “robber peace,” but Lenin justified it as necessary for survival: “To gain a respite at all costs.”
Helped consolidate Bolshevik control by removing the immediate threat of war, though it fueled opposition internally.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918)
2. Comintern (March 1919)
Lenin created the Communist International to promote worldwide revolution.
Aimed to support communist uprisings in Europe (Germany, Hungary).
Though most failed, it spread Bolshevik ideology and gave legitimacy to the regime as the leader of global communism.
Comintern (March 1919)
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Note
After the October Revolution of 1917, Lenin and the Bolsheviks faced a precarious situation. They had seized power in Russia, but their hold was far from secure. The country was embroiled in a brutal civil war, and foreign powers viewed the new communist government with suspicion and hostility.
The Bolsheviks needed to consolidate their power internally while also navigating a hostile international environment.
Lenin's foreign policy was driven by both ideological goals (spreading communism) and pragmatic needs (survival of the regime).
Analogy
Think of Lenin's situation like a chess player who has just made a bold opening move. He needs to protect his king (the Bolshevik regime) while also looking for opportunities to attack (spread revolution).
DefinitionConsolidation
The process of strengthening and securing power after a revolution or major change in government.
