Notes for Consolidation and maintenance: Hitler's legal methods - IB | RevisionDojo
Consolidation and maintenance: Hitler's legal methods Notes
The Reichstag Fire was used as a pretext to suspend civil liberties and remove communist opposition through emergency law.
Emergency Decrees and Initial Legal Measures (1933)
Following the Reichstag Fire on 27 February 1933, Hitler persuaded President Hindenburg to issue the Reichstag Fire Decree (28 February 1933), suspending freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and privacy, and allowing detention without trial.
The decree enabled the arrest of thousands of KPD members and the closure of their newspapers, removing a major political rival before the March elections.
In the March 1933 elections, the Nazis still failed to secure an outright majority, but combined with the DNVP’s 8% of the vote to form a majority coalition.
The Enabling Act (23 March 1933) was passed after intimidation of SPD deputies and exclusion of KPD members, granting Hitler the power to enact laws without Reichstag approval for four years.
This Act effectively dismantled parliamentary democracy and became the legal foundation for Nazi dictatorship.
Hitler framed these measures as emergency responses to communist threats, masking their real purpose of consolidating total control.
Gleichschaltung: Coordinating Institutions
From April 1933, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service purged Jews and political opponents from civil service roles, judiciary, diplomacy, and education, replacing them with loyal Nazis or “March Violets” seeking advancement.
State governments were stripped of autonomy through the Law for the Coordination of the States with the Reich (31 March 1933), placing Nazi Reich Governors in charge.
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Note
The Reichstag Fire on February 27, 1933, was a pivotal event that Hitler exploited to consolidate power. The fire was blamed on communists, providing a pretext for emergency measures.
The Reichstag Fire Decree suspended basic civil liberties, including freedom of speech, press, and assembly.
It allowed for detention without trial, enabling the arrest of thousands of political opponents.
Analogy
Think of the Reichstag Fire Decree as a 'pause button' on democracy, where normal rules were suspended under the guise of emergency.
Example
Following the decree, over 4,000 communists were arrested within days, effectively eliminating a major political rival.
