Notes for Case Study: Britain (1918–39) - IB | RevisionDojo
Case Study: Britain (1918–39) Notes
Britain (1918–1939)
Political Developments in Britain (1918–1939)
After World War I, Britain remained a parliamentary democracy while many other European countries moved toward dictatorship.
In 1918, the Representation of the People Act gave the vote to almost all adult men and some women. By 1928, full female suffrage was introduced.
The Labour Party rose in popularity and challenged the traditional dominance of the Conservatives and Liberals.
Britain saw a mix of Conservative (e.g. Stanley Baldwin), Labour (e.g. Ramsay MacDonald), and coalition governments during this period.
Political debate focused on how to solve unemployment, manage welfare, and protect Britain's empire.
Conservative Party Poster (1920s)Exam technique
When writing about Britain, make sure to explain how democracy survived even during tough economic times. Show that compromise, free elections, and reforms were key.
Common Mistake
Some students say "nothing changed" in Britain. In fact, there were major shifts in political power, voting rights, and party dynamics.
Economic Conditions in Britain
After the war, Britain faced serious problems:
war debt
inflation
a decline in global trade.
The government introduced spending cuts known as the Geddes Axe (1922) to balance the budget, but this hurt social services and wages.
Heavy industries like coal, steel, and shipbuilding went into decline, especially in northern England, Scotland, and Wales.
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What was the political system in Britain after World War I?
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Note
After World War I, Britain underwent significant political changes while maintaining its democratic system. The Representation of the People Act of 1918 was a landmark reform that expanded voting rights to almost all adult men and some women. This was further extended in 1928 to include full female suffrage.
The Labour Party emerged as a major political force, challenging the traditional dominance of the Conservatives and Liberals
Britain experienced a series of changing governments, including Conservative, Labour, and coalition administrations
Key political issues included unemployment, welfare, and the management of the British Empire
AnalogyThink of Britain's political system during this time as a three-way tug-of-war between the Conservatives, Labour, and Liberals, with each party pulling for influence while trying to maintain the balance of democracy.
NoteThe expansion of voting rights in Britain was a gradual process, unlike some other countries that experienced more sudden changes.
