Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's domestic policies - political policies
Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's domestic policies - political policies Notes
Fascist political reforms reshaped Italy’s institutions to secure long-term regime stability and centralised authority.
Centralisation of Power
Mussolini used the Acerbo Law (1923) to ensure that any party winning at least 25% of votes would get two-thirds of parliamentary seats, giving Fascists a legal majority.
Following the Matteotti Crisis (1924), Mussolini exploited the opposition’s withdrawal (Aventine Secession) to strengthen control rather than resign.
In 1925, press censorship laws closed anti-Fascist papers and required government approval for journalists.
The Fascist Grand Council became the supreme decision-making body, with loyalty to Mussolini over the king.
The 1928 electoral reform replaced competitive elections with a single list of candidates chosen by the Fascist Grand Council and approved by the king.
By the early 1930s, Mussolini controlled both central and local government appointments, concentrating authority in his hands.
Relationship with Traditional Power Structures
Mussolini maintained a working relationship with the monarchy, keeping the king as a symbolic head while limiting his real influence.
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What was the purpose of the Acerbo Law (1923)?
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Note
The Acerbo Law of 1923 was a pivotal piece of legislation that fundamentally altered Italy's electoral system. This law stated that any party receiving at least 25% of the vote would automatically receive two-thirds of the seats in parliament.
The law was presented as a way to ensure stable government, but its true purpose was to guarantee Fascist dominance in parliament
In the 1924 elections, the Fascists used intimidation and violence to secure the necessary votes
The law effectively eliminated proportional representation, making it nearly impossible for opposition parties to gain significant power
Analogy
Think of the Acerbo Law as a game where the first team to score 25 points automatically wins, regardless of how many points the other team has. It completely changes the nature of the competition.
Note
The Acerbo Law was a crucial step in Mussolini's consolidation of power, paving the way for the establishment of a one-party state.