Notes for Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved - IB | RevisionDojo
Aims and results of policies: Mussolini's authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved Notes
Wartime pressures and long-term discontent exposed the limits of Mussolini’s control over Italy.
Ideology and Image of Totalitarian Rule
Fascist ideology promoted the idea of an all-embracing state, where no human or spiritual value could exist outside it.
Mussolini presented himself as both the embodiment and protector of the nation.
The Doctrine of Fascism (1932) declared the state “inclusive of all values”, justifying absolute authority.
Propaganda portrayed Mussolini as man of action, culture, and genius, reinforcing his personal dominance.
Public rituals, leader worship, and controlled media aimed to project a totalitarian reality.
Reality of Control
Mussolini’s rule was more a personal dictatorship than a true party dictatorship.
The PNF became a tame, loyal mass party but lost real policymaking influence.
Key institutions like the monarchy, Church, army, and civil service remained outside full Fascist control.
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What did Fascist ideology promote regarding the state?
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Note
Fascist ideology under Mussolini promoted the concept of an all-embracing state, where no human or spiritual value could exist outside it. This idea was central to Mussolini's vision of a totalitarian regime.
Mussolini presented himself as both the embodiment and protector of the nation, reinforcing his personal dominance.
The Doctrine of Fascism (1932) declared the state “inclusive of all values”, justifying absolute authority.
Propaganda portrayed Mussolini as a man of action, culture, and genius.
Public rituals, leader worship, and controlled media aimed to project a totalitarian reality.
Analogy
Think of Mussolini's regime as a spider web, where every strand (aspect of society) was meant to connect back to the central spider (the state), with Mussolini at its center.
Example
Public rituals like the annual Fascist Party celebrations were designed to reinforce the idea that Mussolini was the indispensable leader of the nation.
