Understanding Bias in Global Politics Theories
Definition
Bias
Bias refers to a systematic preference or inclination that shapes how theories are constructed and applied.
- Bias can arise from:
- Cultural perspectives: Western theories may prioritize individualism, while non-Western perspectives might emphasize community or state sovereignty.
- Historical context: Theories developed during the Cold War, like realism, often focus on power and security.
- Ideological assumptions: Liberalism assumes the inherent value of cooperation and institutions, which may not apply universally.
- Bias is not inherently negative.
- It reflects the perspectives and assumptions that shape a theory, but it can limit its applicability or lead to oversimplifications.
Common Biases in Global Politics Theories
- Eurocentrism: Many theories are rooted in Western experiences, overlooking non-Western perspectives and historical contexts.
- State-centrism: Realism and liberalism often prioritize states as the primary actors, neglecting the role of non-state actors like NGOs or multinational corporations.
- Rational actor assumption: Theories like realism assume states act rationally to maximize power or security, ignoring cultural, emotional, or irrational factors.
- The rational actor assumption in realism may overlook how identity politics or historical grievances influence state behavior, as seen in conflicts like the Israeli-Palestinian dispute.
