Context: The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), established in 1959 and based in Strasbourg, is the most effective regional human rights court in the world , adjudicating individual complaints against the 46 Council of Europe member states that have ratified the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), producing binding judgments that states are legally obligated to comply with. The Court has produced over 24,000 judgments since its inception, covering rights from the right to life and prohibition of torture to fair trial rights, privacy, freedom of expression, and non-discrimination,
Context: The Rohingya are a predominantly Muslim ethnic minority in Myanmar's Rakhine State who have faced decades of systematic discrimination and periodic violence, culminating in a military "clearance operation" in August 2017 that the UN described as bearing the "hallmarks of genocide," displacing over 700,000 Rohingya to Bangladesh. Myanmar's military, the Tatmadaw, denied the Rohingya citizenship under the 1982 Citizenship Law , rendering them effectively stateless in a country where they have lived for generations, and conducted systematic campaigns of arson, murder, and sexual viole