Notes for Drivers of Development: Economic, Environmental, Political, Social & Institutional - IB | RevisionDojo
Drivers of Development: Economic, Environmental, Political, Social & Institutional Notes
Drivers of Development: Economic, Environmental, Political, Social & Institutional
Development
Factors Impacting Development
1. Economic Factors
Debt: Developing countries often carry "third world debt", diverting resources from development to debt repayment.
Infrastructure: Investments in transport, energy, etc., boost productivity, connectivity, and inclusion. Example: China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
Geography: Landlocked countries (e.g., Uganda) face trade barriers due to lack of sea access.
Resources: Resource-rich countries may underdevelop (e.g., DRC) due to mismanagement, known as the "resource curse".
2. Environmental Factors
Environmental Damage: Infrastructure (e.g., oil drilling) can cause disasters (e.g., Deepwater Horizon).
Climate Change: Rising sea levels, floods, and droughts displace populations, reduce food security, and worsen inequality.
Pollution and Location: Industrial projects can reduce quality of life. Geographic disadvantages (e.g., isolation) limit development.
3. Political Factors
Instability: Conflict and coups deter investment and reduce continuity (e.g., coups in Mali, Guinea).
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Questions
Recap questions
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Question 1
Recap question
Landlocked countries often face higher trade costs due to lack of direct sea access. Which strategy best addresses this geographic disadvantage to promote economic development?
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Note
Economic factors play a crucial role in shaping a country's development trajectory. Debt can be a significant burden, especially for developing nations, as it diverts resources away from essential development projects. Infrastructure investments, such as transport and energy systems, are vital for boosting productivity and connectivity. Geography also plays a role, with landlocked countries facing unique challenges in accessing global markets. Additionally, the presence of natural resources can be a double-edged sword, leading to what is known as the resource curse if not managed properly.
