IB Geography Topic G.3.4 Urban Social Deprivation and Crime Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Geography Topic G.3.4 Urban Social Deprivation and Crime Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Managing Inequality and Safety in Cities

The Cycle of Deprivation

Definition

The Cycle of Deprivation

A self-reinforcing process where poverty leads to poor education, limited job opportunities, and social exclusion, perpetuating low-income conditions across generations.

How the Cycle Works

Poverty: Families with limited income struggle to meet basic needs, leaving little room for education or skill development, severely limiting economic mobility.
Poor Education: Underfunded schools and lack of resources result in lower educational attainment, reducing individuals’ future job prospects and contributing to sustained low income.
Unemployment: Without skills or qualifications, people face high unemployment rates or are confined to low-paying jobs, hindering their ability to improve their living conditions.
Limited Purchasing Power and Local Business Impact: The restricted spending capacity of impoverished communities negatively affects local businesses, reducing economic growth and opportunities within the area.
Reduced Tax Revenues: Low income levels lead to decreased tax revenues, limiting government ability to invest in public infrastructure and services necessary for community development.
Social Exclusion: Limited access to healthcare, housing, and social services deepens isolation and prevents individuals from fully participating in society.
Perpetuation: The cycle repeats as children inherit the same disadvantages.

Example

In the Dharavi slum in Mumbai, overcrowded housing, limited sanitation, and informal employment create barriers to education and upward mobility, trapping residents in poverty.

Analogy

Think of the cycle of deprivation as a treadmill. No matter how hard someone runs, they remain in the same place unless external support helps them step off.

Geographic Crime Patterns

Crime in cities is not evenly distributed.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Managing Inequality and Safety in Cities

The Cycle of Deprivation

Definition

The Cycle of Deprivation

A self-reinforcing process where poverty leads to poor education, limited job opportunities, and social exclusion, perpetuating low-income conditions across generations.

How the Cycle Works

Poverty: Families with limited income struggle to meet basic needs, leaving little room for education or skill development, severely limiting economic mobility.
Poor Education: Underfunded schools and lack of resources result in lower educational attainment, reducing individuals’ future job prospects and contributing to sustained low income.
Unemployment: Without skills or qualifications, people face high unemployment rates or are confined to low-paying jobs, hindering their ability to improve their living conditions.
Limited Purchasing Power and Local Business Impact: The restricted spending capacity of impoverished communities negatively affects local businesses, reducing economic growth and opportunities within the area.
Reduced Tax Revenues: Low income levels lead to decreased tax revenues, limiting government ability to invest in public infrastructure and services necessary for community development.
Social Exclusion: Limited access to healthcare, housing, and social services deepens isolation and prevents individuals from fully participating in society.
Perpetuation: The cycle repeats as children inherit the same disadvantages.

Example

In the Dharavi slum in Mumbai, overcrowded housing, limited sanitation, and informal employment create barriers to education and upward mobility, trapping residents in poverty.

Analogy

Think of the cycle of deprivation as a treadmill. No matter how hard someone runs, they remain in the same place unless external support helps them step off.

Geographic Crime Patterns

Crime in cities is not evenly distributed.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography G.3.4 Urban Social Deprivation and Crime Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Managing Inequality and Safety in Cities

The Cycle of Deprivation

How the Cycle Works

Geographic Crime Patterns

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Managing Inequality and Safety in Cities

The Cycle of Deprivation

How the Cycle Works

Geographic Crime Patterns

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account