IB Geography Topic B.4.2 Trends in Biotic Resource Use and Alternatives Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Geography Topic B.4.2 Trends in Biotic Resource Use and Alternatives Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Sustainable Approaches to Fisheries and Marine Ecosystems

Overfishing: A Growing Crisis

Overfishing occurs when fish are harvested faster than they can reproduce, leading to declining fish stocks and destabilizing marine ecosystems.
It’s not just about the numbers, overfishing disrupts the intricate web of life in the ocean.
Predators lose their prey, habitats are altered, and the balance of marine ecosystems is thrown off course.

Causes of Overfishing

What drives this crisis? Several key factors contribute to overfishing:

Increased Demand for Fish: Since the 1960s, global fish consumption has more than doubled, putting immense pressure on fisheries worldwide.
Technological Advancements: Techniques like trawling and longlining enable massive catches but often leave little room for fish populations to recover.
Open-Access Fisheries: In many international waters, fishing remains unregulated, leading to a "tragedy of the commons" where no one takes responsibility for sustainable practices.

Consequences of Overfishing

The impacts of overfishing ripple through both ecosystems and human communities:

Declining Fish Stocks: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), over 30% of the world’s fish stocks are overexploited, with some species nearing collapse.
Ecosystem Disruption: Removing one species can have cascading effects on others in the food web, from predators to prey.
Economic Loss: Coastal communities that depend on fishing for food and income face economic instability as fish stocks dwindle.

Example

The collapse of the Atlantic cod fishery off Newfoundland, Canada, in the 1990s is a stark example.
Overfishing led to the loss of over 30,000 jobs, devastating local economies and reshaping the region’s way of life.

Common Mistake

It’s a common misconception that overfishing only affects large commercial fisheries. In reality, small-scale and subsistence fishers also suffer as local fish stocks decline, threatening their food security and livelihoods.

Alternatives to Overfishing: Sustainable Solutions

To address overfishing, we need solutions that balance human needs with the health of marine ecosystems.
Let’s explore three key strategies: aquaculture, marine protected areas, and fishing quotas.

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Sustainable Approaches to Fisheries and Marine Ecosystems

Overfishing: A Growing Crisis

Overfishing occurs when fish are harvested faster than they can reproduce, leading to declining fish stocks and destabilizing marine ecosystems.
It’s not just about the numbers, overfishing disrupts the intricate web of life in the ocean.
Predators lose their prey, habitats are altered, and the balance of marine ecosystems is thrown off course.

Causes of Overfishing

What drives this crisis? Several key factors contribute to overfishing:

Increased Demand for Fish: Since the 1960s, global fish consumption has more than doubled, putting immense pressure on fisheries worldwide.
Technological Advancements: Techniques like trawling and longlining enable massive catches but often leave little room for fish populations to recover.
Open-Access Fisheries: In many international waters, fishing remains unregulated, leading to a "tragedy of the commons" where no one takes responsibility for sustainable practices.

Consequences of Overfishing

The impacts of overfishing ripple through both ecosystems and human communities:

Declining Fish Stocks: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), over 30% of the world’s fish stocks are overexploited, with some species nearing collapse.
Ecosystem Disruption: Removing one species can have cascading effects on others in the food web, from predators to prey.
Economic Loss: Coastal communities that depend on fishing for food and income face economic instability as fish stocks dwindle.

Example

The collapse of the Atlantic cod fishery off Newfoundland, Canada, in the 1990s is a stark example.
Overfishing led to the loss of over 30,000 jobs, devastating local economies and reshaping the region’s way of life.

Common Mistake

Alternatives to Overfishing: Sustainable Solutions

To address overfishing, we need solutions that balance human needs with the health of marine ecosystems.
Let’s explore three key strategies: aquaculture, marine protected areas, and fishing quotas.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography B.4.2 Trends in Biotic Resource Use and Alternatives Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Sustainable Approaches to Fisheries and Marine Ecosystems

Overfishing: A Growing Crisis

Causes of Overfishing

Consequences of Overfishing

Alternatives to Overfishing: Sustainable Solutions

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Sustainable Approaches to Fisheries and Marine Ecosystems

Overfishing: A Growing Crisis

Causes of Overfishing

Consequences of Overfishing

Alternatives to Overfishing: Sustainable Solutions

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account