IB Geography Topic 5.3.2 Geopolitical Constraints on Global Interactions Revision Notes (HL)

IB Geography Topic 5.3.2 Geopolitical Constraints on Global Interactions Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Government Restrictions on Globalization

Imagine living in a world where your access to information is tightly controlled, and the products you use are limited by government policies.
This is the reality in many countries where governments impose restrictions on globalization to protect their interests, maintain control, or preserve cultural identity.

Note

In some places governments do not control the entire territory of a country which creates favourable conditions for local militias to emerge.
These militias, usually heavily armed and violent, gain the power to control and restrict different interactions. They operate on a local scale, but sometimes become more powerful.
For example The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) took advantage of weak governance in Iraq and civil war in Syria and self-declared a caliphate introducing extreme version of Islamic law and controlling fully economic, social, cultural, and political interactions within and between their quasi-state and the external world.

Personal Freedoms: Internet Censorship and Surveillance

The Great Firewall of China

China's Great Firewall is one of the most well-known examples of internet censorship.
It restricts access to global websites like Google, Facebook, and X (Twitter), replacing them with domestic alternatives such as Baidu and WeChat.
It blocks information about topics related to human rights violations and political oppression in China.

Note

The Great Firewall is part of a broader strategy to control information and maintain political stability by limiting exposure to foreign ideas.
The most profound example of a country strictly following this strategy is Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).

Why Do Governments Censor the Internet and Media?

Political Control: Preventing the spread of dissenting opinions or organizing protests.
Cultural Preservation: Protecting local values from foreign influence.
Economic Protection: Supporting domestic tech and media companies by limiting competition.

Tip

Think about how internet censorship affects not just individuals but also businesses and the economy. Consider both the short-term and long-term impacts.

Example

Freedom House - an NGO - rates people’s access to political rights and civil liberties in 210 countries and territories.
68 places were identified as “not free”.
These places include LICs (e.g. South Sudan) and HICs (e.g. Saudi Arabia); powerful countries (Russia), occupied territories (Donbas), autonomous territories (Gaza Strip) or regions claimed by different countries (Kashmir); countries in conflict (Yemen), as well as in peace (Rwanda).

Anti-Immigration Policies: Restricted Mobility and Border Walls

US Migration Policy

In recent years US Migration Policy has become more strict introducing new policies, like "Remain in Mexico," to manage border traffic and deter unauthorized immigration.
They include legal attempts to close the US borders entirely for citizens of selected countries, family separations and deportations of undocumented migrants.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Note

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Tip

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IB Geography 5.3.2 Geopolitical Constraints on Global Interactions Notes

IB Geography 5.3.2 Geopolitical Constraints on Global Interactions Notes

Government Restrictions on Globalization

Personal Freedoms: Internet Censorship and Surveillance

The Great Firewall of China

Why Do Governments Censor the Internet and Media?

Anti-Immigration Policies: Restricted Mobility and Border Walls

US Migration Policy

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Government Restrictions on Globalization

Personal Freedoms: Internet Censorship and Surveillance

The Great Firewall of China

Why Do Governments Censor the Internet and Media?

Anti-Immigration Policies: Restricted Mobility and Border Walls

US Migration Policy

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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IB Geography 5.3.2 Geopolitical Constraints on Global Interactions Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography 5.3.2 Geopolitical Constraints on Global Interactions Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Government Restrictions on Globalization

Personal Freedoms: Internet Censorship and Surveillance

The Great Firewall of China

Why Do Governments Censor the Internet and Media?

Anti-Immigration Policies: Restricted Mobility and Border Walls

US Migration Policy

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Government Restrictions on Globalization

Personal Freedoms: Internet Censorship and Surveillance

The Great Firewall of China

Why Do Governments Censor the Internet and Media?

Anti-Immigration Policies: Restricted Mobility and Border Walls

US Migration Policy

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account