IB Geography Topic 4.2.2 Tncs and Global Supply Chains Revision Notes (HL)

IB Geography Topic 4.2.2 Tncs and Global Supply Chains Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Corporate Influence in Linking Places and Markets

Imagine holding a smartphone designed in California, assembled in China, with components from Democratic Republic of Congo, Germany, South Korea and Japan.
This device embodies the global interconnectedness driven by Transnational Corporations (TNCs).

Transnational Corporations (TNCs): Key Globalization Stakeholders

Definition

Transnational corporation (TNC)

Transnational corporation (TNC) or multinational enterprise (MNE) is a business organization with operations in a number of countries.

TNCs are key actors in economic globalization alongside national governments and multi-governmental organizations (MGOs) like G7, G20 or OPEC.

What Is the Pattern and Scale of TNCs’ Operations?

TNCs own assets in various countries.
Most of TNCs’ headquarters, research & development (R&D) and design & marketing centers are located in HICs (e.g. Apple in California), while assembly and production are based mostly in MICs (e.g. Apple in China and India) and occasionally in LICs.
In recent years there is a growing role of TNCs from MICs like China (Huawei, Xiaomi, BYD) or India (Tata).
Approximately ⅓ of world trade is from internal transfers by TNCs
Nearly 100 million people are directly employed by TNCs.
TNCs control the marketing and production of goods, thus can exert power over places (countries or cities) by choosing where to locate in a global marketplace.
Most FDIs are delivered by TNCs.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): The Backbone of Global Production

Definition

Foreign Direct Investments (FDI)

Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) refers to investments made by a company or individual in one country into business interests located in another country.

How FDI Works

TNCs invest in factories, offices, infrastructure, or agriculture in foreign countries.
This investment:
1. Creates jobs.
2. Transfers technology.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Note

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IB Geography 4.2.2 Tncs and Global Supply Chains Notes

Corporate Influence in Linking Places and Markets

Transnational Corporations (TNCs): Key Globalization Stakeholders

What Is the Pattern and Scale of TNCs’ Operations?

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): The Backbone of Global Production

How FDI Works

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Corporate Influence in Linking Places and Markets

Transnational Corporations (TNCs): Key Globalization Stakeholders

What Is the Pattern and Scale of TNCs’ Operations?

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): The Backbone of Global Production

How FDI Works

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography 4.2.2 Tncs and Global Supply Chains Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Corporate Influence in Linking Places and Markets

Transnational Corporations (TNCs): Key Globalization Stakeholders

What Is the Pattern and Scale of TNCs’ Operations?

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): The Backbone of Global Production

How FDI Works

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Corporate Influence in Linking Places and Markets

Transnational Corporations (TNCs): Key Globalization Stakeholders

What Is the Pattern and Scale of TNCs’ Operations?

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): The Backbone of Global Production

How FDI Works

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account