IB Geography Topic 3.1.3 Global Patterns in Resource Availability and Consumption Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Geography Topic 3.1.3 Global Patterns in Resource Availability and Consumption Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Distribution of Water, Food, Energy, and Other Resources

Imagine a world where water, food, and energy are perfectly balanced, meeting everyone’s needs without strain.
Unfortunately, this is far from reality.
Resources are unevenly distributed, creating disparities that affect billions.
Some areas of the world are described as resource rich, while others as resource poor.
In theory having natural resources should help with a country's development, but it is not always the case.

Note

The resource curse, also known as the paradox of plenty, refers to the phenomenon where countries with abundant natural resources, such as minerals and oil, often experience less economic growth and poorer development outcomes compared to countries with fewer natural resources.

Key aspects of resource curse are:

Economic Dependency: Over-reliance on resource exports can lead to economic volatility and neglect of other sectors.
Corruption and Governance Issues: Wealth from resources can fuel corruption and weaken governance, as control over lucrative resources may lead to power struggles and mismanagement.
Social and Environmental Challenges: Resource extraction can cause environmental degradation and social conflicts, impacting long-term sustainable development.

An example of resource curse is Democratic Republic of Congo.

Water

Uneven Distribution and Virtual Water

Uneven Distribution of Freshwater Resources

Freshwater is vital for drinking, agriculture, and industry, yet it is unevenly distributed across the globe.
Nearly 800 million people do not have access to safe drinking water (no access to water and/or it takes more than 30-minute round trip to get water).
Water use is projected to increase by 50% in the next 30 years.
Nearly half of humankind lives in under conditions of water stress (especially in North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Asia, and South Asia).

Consumption of Water Varies Between Places

Average water consumption per capita varies significantly between high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: from couple of thousands of liters of water per person per day to less than 50.
The scale of water consumption is also impacted by environmental conditions and water availability.
World average water use: Agriculture (70%), Industry (22%), Municipal Sector / Domestic Use (8%).

Virtual Water

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Paywall

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Distribution of Water, Food, Energy, and Other Resources

Imagine a world where water, food, and energy are perfectly balanced, meeting everyone’s needs without strain.
Unfortunately, this is far from reality.
Resources are unevenly distributed, creating disparities that affect billions.
Some areas of the world are described as resource rich, while others as resource poor.
In theory having natural resources should help with a country's development, but it is not always the case.

Note

Key aspects of resource curse are:

Economic Dependency: Over-reliance on resource exports can lead to economic volatility and neglect of other sectors.
Corruption and Governance Issues: Wealth from resources can fuel corruption and weaken governance, as control over lucrative resources may lead to power struggles and mismanagement.
Social and Environmental Challenges: Resource extraction can cause environmental degradation and social conflicts, impacting long-term sustainable development.

An example of resource curse is Democratic Republic of Congo.

Water

Uneven Distribution and Virtual Water

Uneven Distribution of Freshwater Resources

Freshwater is vital for drinking, agriculture, and industry, yet it is unevenly distributed across the globe.
Nearly 800 million people do not have access to safe drinking water (no access to water and/or it takes more than 30-minute round trip to get water).
Water use is projected to increase by 50% in the next 30 years.
Nearly half of humankind lives in under conditions of water stress (especially in North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Asia, and South Asia).

Consumption of Water Varies Between Places

Average water consumption per capita varies significantly between high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: from couple of thousands of liters of water per person per day to less than 50.
The scale of water consumption is also impacted by environmental conditions and water availability.
World average water use: Agriculture (70%), Industry (22%), Municipal Sector / Domestic Use (8%).

Virtual Water

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography 3.1.3 Global Patterns in Resource Availability and Consumption Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Distribution of Water, Food, Energy, and Other Resources

Water

Uneven Distribution of Freshwater Resources

Consumption of Water Varies Between Places

Virtual Water

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Distribution of Water, Food, Energy, and Other Resources

Water

Uneven Distribution of Freshwater Resources

Consumption of Water Varies Between Places

Virtual Water

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account