IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old Topic 4.1E Thermohaline Circulation Notes & Questions (HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old Topic 4.1E Thermohaline Circulation Notes & Questions (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Ocean upwelling and thermohaline circulation: wind and density move water, nutrients and heat around the planet

Definition

Upwelling

Upwelling refers to the vertical movement of deep, cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface due to the displacement of surface waters by wind.

Upwelling is the rise of cold, dense, nutrient-rich water from depth to the surface when wind pushes surface water away.
The rising water carries nitrates, phosphates and silicates that fuel phytoplankton growth at the base of the food web.
Upwelling zones are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, supplying roughly 25% of the global fish catch from about 5% of the ocean surface.

What drives coastal upwelling

Wind-driven surface flow: winds blowing parallel to a coast push surface water offshore, so deep water rises to replace it.
Coriolis effect: Earth's rotation deflects the moving water to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
Ekman transport: combining wind and Coriolis deflection, the net movement of the surface layer is about 90° to the wind direction, driving water away from the coast.
Seasonal and lake turnover: in stratified lakes, seasonal winds and cooling break stratification so cold, nutrient-rich bottom water rises.

Coastal upwelling is strongest along western continental margins, such as the Peru (Humboldt) and Benguela systems.

Why upwelling matters

Nutrients drive phytoplankton blooms that feed zooplankton, small fish, and top predators such as tuna, seabirds and whales.

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Ocean upwelling and thermohaline circulation: wind and density move water, nutrients and heat around the planet

Definition

Upwelling

Upwelling refers to the vertical movement of deep, cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface due to the displacement of surface waters by wind.

Upwelling is the rise of cold, dense, nutrient-rich water from depth to the surface when wind pushes surface water away.
The rising water carries nitrates, phosphates and silicates that fuel phytoplankton growth at the base of the food web.
Upwelling zones are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, supplying roughly 25% of the global fish catch from about 5% of the ocean surface.

What drives coastal upwelling

Wind-driven surface flow: winds blowing parallel to a coast push surface water offshore, so deep water rises to replace it.
Coriolis effect: Earth's rotation deflects the moving water to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
Ekman transport: combining wind and Coriolis deflection, the net movement of the surface layer is about 90° to the wind direction, driving water away from the coast.
Seasonal and lake turnover: in stratified lakes, seasonal winds and cooling break stratification so cold, nutrient-rich bottom water rises.

Coastal upwelling is strongest along western continental margins, such as the Peru (Humboldt) and Benguela systems.

Why upwelling matters

Nutrients drive phytoplankton blooms that feed zooplankton, small fish, and top predators such as tuna, seabirds and whales.

Definition

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

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IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old 4.1E Thermohaline Circulation Notes

Ocean upwelling and thermohaline circulation: wind and density move water, nutrients and heat around the planet

What drives coastal upwelling

Why upwelling matters

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Ocean upwelling and thermohaline circulation: wind and density move water, nutrients and heat around the planet

What drives coastal upwelling

Why upwelling matters

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account