IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old Topic 2.5D Community and Productivity in Succession Notes & Questions (HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old Topic 2.5D Community and Productivity in Succession Notes & Questions (HL) | RevisionDojo

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What Shapes the Community That Develops During Succession

The community that develops during succession is not random.
It is shaped by abiotic factors (climate, soil, topography, disturbance) and biotic factors (grazing, predation, competition).
Together these decide which species establish, survive, and dominate, and so what the climax community looks like.

Abiotic Factors Set the Physical Limits

Climate
1. Temperature, rainfall, and seasonality set the pace of succession and the final community type.
2. Warm, wet climates drive fast succession to forest; cold or arid climates slow it to tundra or shrubland.
Bedrock and soil
1. Parent rock and soil set nutrient supply, pH, drainage, and texture.
2. Rich soils speed succession toward forest; thin, acidic, or nutrient-poor soils slow it and favour heath or shrubland.
3. Waterlogged, poorly drained ground limits oxygen to roots and forms wetlands.
Geomorphology
1. Steep slopes erode and hold little soil, supporting only hardy shallow-rooted plants; flat ground builds deep soil and dense forest.
2. Aspect matters: in the Northern Hemisphere, south-facing slopes are warmer and drier, north-facing slopes cooler and moister.
Fire and extreme weather
1. Fires, storms, and floods reset succession by clearing vegetation and releasing nutrients.
2. In fire-adapted systems, periodic fire maintains biodiversity by stopping a few species dominating.

Example

In tropical climates, warm temperatures and high rainfall push pioneers quickly to shrubs and then mature forest.
In Arctic tundra, cold and permafrost make succession extremely slow because soil forms so slowly.

Biotic Factors Steer the Trajectory

Living interactions, especially grazing and predation, can reshape the path of succession.

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IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old 2.5D Community and Productivity in Succession Notes

What Shapes the Community That Develops During Succession

Abiotic Factors Set the Physical Limits

Biotic Factors Steer the Trajectory

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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What Shapes the Community That Develops During Succession

Abiotic Factors Set the Physical Limits

Biotic Factors Steer the Trajectory

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account