IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old Topic 1.2D Models Notes & Questions (SL/HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old Topic 1.2D Models Notes & Questions (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Definition

Model

A model is a simplified representation of reality used to understand how a system works and predict how it will respond to change.

A model is a simplified version of a system we can study more easily

Environmental systems are dynamic and non-linear, so we cannot experiment on them directly.
A model represents the system so we can visualise, analyse, communicate, and predict how it behaves.
1. It shows the links between inputs, outputs, and storages without every real-world detail.
2. It lets scientists test how a change in one variable affects the others.
3. It communicates system behaviour clearly to policymakers and the public.

Types of Models

Diagrams show systems visually, such as food webs or nutrient cycles.
Mathematical models use equations to describe relationships, such as population growth.
Simulations are computer programs that mimic real processes, such as climate models.
Physical models are scaled versions of real systems, such as wind tunnels or aquariums.

Example

A forest ecosystem model shows storages like biomass and soil nutrients alongside flows like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.

Different models suit different environmental questions

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Definition

Model

A model is a simplified representation of reality used to understand how a system works and predict how it will respond to change.

A model is a simplified version of a system we can study more easily

Environmental systems are dynamic and non-linear, so we cannot experiment on them directly.
A model represents the system so we can visualise, analyse, communicate, and predict how it behaves.
1. It shows the links between inputs, outputs, and storages without every real-world detail.
2. It lets scientists test how a change in one variable affects the others.
3. It communicates system behaviour clearly to policymakers and the public.

Types of Models

Diagrams show systems visually, such as food webs or nutrient cycles.
Mathematical models use equations to describe relationships, such as population growth.
Simulations are computer programs that mimic real processes, such as climate models.
Physical models are scaled versions of real systems, such as wind tunnels or aquariums.

Example

A forest ecosystem model shows storages like biomass and soil nutrients alongside flows like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.

Different models suit different environmental questions

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old 1.2D Models Notes

IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) - Old 1.2D Models Notes

A model is a simplified version of a system we can study more easily

Types of Models

Different models suit different environmental questions

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A model is a simplified version of a system we can study more easily

Types of Models

Different models suit different environmental questions

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account