57:T4e6,### Possible Consequentialist Considerations - Weighing the benefits (e.g. reliable energy supply, economic growth) against the costs/harms (e.g. environmental damage, health impacts) of different energy sources 1 mark - Considering the overall utility/well-being for the greatest number of people 1 mark ### Examples of Applying Consequentialism - Coal/fossil fuels may provide cheap energy but contribute significantly to air pollution and climate change, negatively impacting human health and the environment 1 mark - Nuclear power has low greenhouse gas emissions but risks of accidents (e.g. Chernobyl, Fukushima) and radioactive waste disposal 1 mark - Renewable sources like solar/wind have lower environmental impact but may be less reliable and more expensive initially 1 mark ### Evaluating Consequentialism - Difficulty in quantifying and comparing different consequences (e.g. economic vs environmental costs) 1 mark - Focusing only on the consequences may overlook other ethical considerations (e.g. rights, justice) 1 mark - Long-term consequences can be hard to predict accurately 1 mark Maximum 7 marks58:T482,### Defining key terms - Ecocentric strategies focus on reducing environmental impact and living in harmony with nature 1 mark - Technocentric strategies rely on technological solutions and human ingenuity to solve problems 1 mark ### Energy conservation strategies (ecocentric) - Reducing energy consumption through behavioral changes - Turning off lights/appliances when not in use - Using public transportation or cycling instead of driving - Adjusting thermostats to reduce heating/cooling needs 2 marks ### Energy efficiency strategies (technocentric) - Improving energy efficiency of devices and processes - Using energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs - Improving insulation in buildings - Developing more efficient industrial processes and machinery 2 marks ### Achieving energy security - A combination of ecocentric and technocentric strategies is needed - Conservation reduces overall energy demand - Efficiency improves energy productivity - Both contribute to reducing reliance on imported energy sources 3 marks 9 marks max

IB Environmental systems and societies Hl.c Environmental Ethics Questionbank

IB Environmental systems and societies (ESS) Topic Hl.c Environmental Ethics Questionbank

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