IB Environmental systems and societies Topic Hl.ad International Law Revision Notes (HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies Topic Hl.ad International Law Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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International Law Tackles Problems That Cross Borders

Pollution and wildlife do not respect national borders, so many environmental problems can only be solved between countries.
Nations sign treaties and conventions to manage shared resources and transboundary harm together.

Transboundary Problems Need Shared Solutions

Example

The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (2002) coordinates action on haze from forest fires and slash-and-burn farming in Southeast Asia.
The FAO plan against illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing protects fish stocks in international waters.

Comparing Three Landmark Agreements: Montreal, Kyoto, Paris

These three agreements show why some international treaties succeed while others struggle.

Montreal Protocol (1987): the success
1. It phased out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
2. Every country ratified it, the Multilateral Fund helped developing countries switch, and the ozone layer is now recovering.
Kyoto Protocol (1997): limited impact
1. It bound only industrialised countries to cut emissions about 5% below 1990 levels by 2012.
2. The US never ratified it, major emitters like China and India had no targets, and it was hard to enforce.

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Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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International Law Tackles Problems That Cross Borders

Pollution and wildlife do not respect national borders, so many environmental problems can only be solved between countries.
Nations sign treaties and conventions to manage shared resources and transboundary harm together.

Transboundary Problems Need Shared Solutions

Example

The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (2002) coordinates action on haze from forest fires and slash-and-burn farming in Southeast Asia.
The FAO plan against illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing protects fish stocks in international waters.

Comparing Three Landmark Agreements: Montreal, Kyoto, Paris

These three agreements show why some international treaties succeed while others struggle.

Montreal Protocol (1987): the success
1. It phased out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
2. Every country ratified it, the Multilateral Fund helped developing countries switch, and the ozone layer is now recovering.
Kyoto Protocol (1997): limited impact
1. It bound only industrialised countries to cut emissions about 5% below 1990 levels by 2012.
2. The US never ratified it, major emitters like China and India had no targets, and it was hard to enforce.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies Hl.ad International Law Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

International Law Tackles Problems That Cross Borders

Transboundary Problems Need Shared Solutions

Comparing Three Landmark Agreements: Montreal, Kyoto, Paris

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

International Law Tackles Problems That Cross Borders

Transboundary Problems Need Shared Solutions

Comparing Three Landmark Agreements: Montreal, Kyoto, Paris

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account