7.2B Energy storage systems Notes

Energy Storage Solutions: Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)

1. Intermittent energy production from renewable sources such as wind and solar creates challenges in balancing supply and demand.
2. These renewable sources produce energy only when conditions are favorable (e.g., wind blowing or sunlight shining), which may not align with peak demand times.
3. Energy storage systems are crucial to ensure a reliable and continuous energy supply.

One of the most effective storage solutions is Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS).

Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)

1. It is the most widely used form of large-scale energy storage and has been in operation for decades.
2. It plays a key role in balancing energy supply and demand, particularly in systems that rely on intermittent renewable sources.

How Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Works:

1. Energy Generation (Discharge Mode):
   1. During periods of high electricity demand or when renewable energy generation is low, water from the upper reservoir is released.
   2. The water flows downhill through turbines, generating electricity as it passes through the turbines connected to generators.
2. Energy Storage (Pump Mode):
   1. During periods of low electricity demand or when excess renewable energy is generated (e.g., high wind or solar power), surplus electricity is used to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir.
   2. This process stores potential energy in the form of water at a higher elevation, which can later be released when demand is high.

Advantages of Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS):

1. Large-Scale Energy Storage:
   1. PHS provides a large-scale, reliable energy storage solution.
   2. It can store significant amounts of energy for long durations (hours to days), making it well-suited for stabilizing the grid during peak demand times.
2. Efficiency: