IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 7.1B Ecosystem Services Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Environmental systems and societies Topic 7.1B Ecosystem Services Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Ecosystem Services: The Free Work Nature Does for Us

Definition

Ecosystems services

Ecosystem services or intangible natural capital are nature’s "free services" that support life and human well-being.

Ecosystem services are the benefits people get from ecosystems, and they are usually grouped into four types.
Provisioning services
1. The goods we harvest, such as food, timber, freshwater, fibre and medicines.
Regulating services
1. Processes that keep our environment stable, such as climate control, water regulation, pollination and flood protection.
Supporting services
1. The underlying processes that make all the others possible, such as soil formation, nutrient cycling and photosynthesis.
Cultural services
1. The non-material benefits, such as recreation, tourism, spiritual meaning and education.

Tip

In the exam, name the category and give a real example, rather than listing services at random.
The regulating and supporting services below are the ones most often tested, because they are easy to overlook and hard to replace.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Ecosystem Services: The Free Work Nature Does for Us

Definition

Ecosystems services

Ecosystem services or intangible natural capital are nature’s "free services" that support life and human well-being.

Ecosystem services are the benefits people get from ecosystems, and they are usually grouped into four types.
Provisioning services
1. The goods we harvest, such as food, timber, freshwater, fibre and medicines.
Regulating services
1. Processes that keep our environment stable, such as climate control, water regulation, pollination and flood protection.
Supporting services
1. The underlying processes that make all the others possible, such as soil formation, nutrient cycling and photosynthesis.
Cultural services
1. The non-material benefits, such as recreation, tourism, spiritual meaning and education.

Tip

In the exam, name the category and give a real example, rather than listing services at random.
The regulating and supporting services below are the ones most often tested, because they are easy to overlook and hard to replace.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies 7.1B Ecosystem Services Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

Ecosystem Services: The Free Work Nature Does for Us

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Ecosystem Services: The Free Work Nature Does for Us

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account