IB Environmental systems and societies 3.2B Invasive Species Notes

Invasive Species: How Non-Natives Overrun Ecosystems

Definition

Invasive species

Invasive alien species are non-native organisms that, when introduced to a new ecosystem, can cause significant harm to local biodiversity.

Invasive alien species (IAS) are non-native organisms that spread and cause harm in an ecosystem where they do not naturally occur.

They can outcompete native organisms, disrupt food webs, and drive native species toward decline or extinction.

Native species are vulnerable because they never co-evolved with the newcomer and lack defences against it.

Common Mistake

Do not assume every alien species becomes invasive.
Only a small proportion establish and spread enough to become ecologically disruptive.

How Alien Species Arrive: Accidental or Deliberate

Accidental introductions

Global trade moves seeds, insects, and larvae in cargo, packaging, and ship ballast water.
Travel and tourism carry seeds stuck to shoes, clothing, and luggage.
Agricultural contamination brings pests and weeds in crop soil or livestock feed.

Deliberate introductions

Biological control releases a species to control a pest, such as cane toads in Australia.
Ornamental and commercial use brings in plants like Japanese knotweed and animals for aquaculture.
Recreation and hunting stock non-native fish, birds, or mammals for sport.

Example

Japanese knotweed was brought to Europe as a garden ornamental and now spreads uncontrollably.

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Tip

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

IB Environmental systems and societies 3.2B Invasive Species Notes

Invasive Species: How Non-Natives Overrun Ecosystems

How Alien Species Arrive: Accidental or Deliberate

Why Invasive Species Succeed: No Predators, Fast Breeding

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Invasive Species: How Non-Natives Overrun Ecosystems

How Alien Species Arrive: Accidental or Deliberate

Why Invasive Species Succeed: No Predators, Fast Breeding

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

IB Environmental systems and societies 3.2B Invasive Species Notes

Topic 1: Foundation 3 subtopics

Topic 2: Ecology5 subtopics

Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity3 subtopics

Topic 4: Water4 subtopics

Topic 5: Land2 subtopics

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change4 subtopics

Topic 7: Natural resources3 subtopics

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems3 subtopics

HL lenses 3 subtopics

Invasive Species: How Non-Natives Overrun Ecosystems

How Alien Species Arrive: Accidental or Deliberate

Why Invasive Species Succeed: No Predators, Fast Breeding

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Invasive Species: How Non-Natives Overrun Ecosystems

How Alien Species Arrive: Accidental or Deliberate

Why Invasive Species Succeed: No Predators, Fast Breeding

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account