Historical Context of Othello
Elizabethan England and Venice
Shakespeare wrote "Othello" around 1603, during a time when England was fascinated by tales of exotic lands and foreign cultures. Venice, where much of the play is set, held particular significance in Elizabethan imagination.
NoteVenice was seen as a sophisticated, cosmopolitan city-state, known for its:
- Military prowess
- Commercial success
- Religious tolerance
- Political stability
Race and Society in Early Modern Europe
The presence of a Black protagonist in Elizabethan theater was revolutionary for its time. During this period:
- The English were just beginning to engage in significant trade with Africa
- Most English people had never seen a Black person
- Racial prejudices were largely based on hearsay and stereotypes
- "Moors" were often portrayed in literature as both exotic and threatening
Understanding the racial dynamics of the period helps readers grasp the complex layers of prejudice and acceptance that Othello faces throughout the play.
Military Context
The play's military setting reflects several historical realities:
- Venice was constantly at war with the Ottoman Empire
- Christian Europe felt threatened by Turkish expansion
- Military commanders like Othello were highly valued for their expertise
- Professional soldiers were both respected and viewed with suspicion in civilian society
The Turkish threat to Cyprus mentioned in the play was based on real historical events. In 1570, the Ottomans actually did invade Cyprus, which was then under Venetian control.
Marriage and Social Status
The relationship between Othello and Desdemona violated several social norms:
