Human rights, peace & equality Notes

Writing Convincingly About Fairness, Equality, and Dignity

1. Here, you're expected to communicate about rights and justice issues in a way that is both persuasive and balanced, while matching your tone to the audience.
2. This is less about solving a technical problem (like sustainability) and more about showing you can argue with moral authority and empathy.

Exam Relevance

This theme is common in Paper 1 tasks that ask you to persuade or defend, in Paper 2 texts that highlight social issues, and in IO images that show injustice or activism.

Paper 1 (Writing)

1. The most common text types here are speeches, opinion articles, and formal letters to authorities.
2. You might be asked to write a speech for Human Rights Day, or a letter to a government official about inequality.

Paper 2 (Listening & Reading)

1. Texts usually come from NGO reports, campaign leaflets, interviews with activists, or news coverage of inequality.
2. The challenge is to spot how writers combine facts and emotional appeal

Example

• Fact: “One in five children…” → gives authority, makes the argument credible.
• Emotional appeal: “gaps in education can be compounded by the trauma of conflict and displacement.…” → humanizes the statistic, makes the reader care.

Individual Oral (IO)

1. Common images include protests, schools, campaigns, diverse groups of people, or symbolic visuals like scales of justice or peace doves.
2. The key is to avoid simply describing the image.
3. You must use it as a springboard to show awareness of the theme, target culture, and global significance.

Language & Moves

You will be rewarded for precise vocabulary that signals rights, fairness, and responsibility.

1. Core vocabulary: justice, dignity, discrimination, equity, reconciliation, advocacy, legislation, violation, empowerment.
2. Register upgrades:
   1. Speech → “We stand together…” instead of “We think it’s unfair…”
   2. Letter → “I am writing to urge you to reconsider this policy…” instead of “I don’t agree with this…”
   3. Opinion article → “It is a moral failure if…” instead of “It’s not good that…”
3. Grammatical moves:
   1. Rhetorical questions: “How can equality exist if education is denied to half the population?”
   2. Parallelism: “We demand dignity. We demand fairness. We demand peace.”
   3. Concessive clause: “Although progress has been made, inequalities remain entrenched.”

Idea Scaffolds & Evidence Pack

Strong answers follow a reasoning chain that links rights, violations, and action.

Reasoning scaffold

1. Right: The right to education.
2. Violation: Girls excluded from school in parts of the world.
3. Stakeholders: Governments, NGOs, local communities.
4. Advocacy: Campaigns, scholarships, international agreements.
5. Limit: Progress is uneven; enforcement is difficult.

Evidence pack

1. Malala Yousafzai’s advocacy for girls’ education: powerful personal case.
2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: shows legal recognition of basic rights.
3. Gender pay gap statistics: concrete numbers to support arguments.
4. Refugee access to education: case studies from UNHCR reports.
5. Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (South Africa): example of peace-building.