IB Digital Society Topic 4.4A Medicine and Health Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Digital Society Topic 4.4A Medicine and Health Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

4.4A Medicine and Health

The organising concept is systems: care is a loop (symptoms, data, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring) and a change at one point ripples through the rest.
Keep impacts (changes already here, e.g. faster diagnosis) apart from implications (wider consequences, e.g. privacy risks, unequal access).
Content topics that meet here: data and AI (diagnosis, prediction), networks (care across distance), robots (surgery); values and ethics run throughout because health is high-stakes.

Diagnosis by Algorithm

Clinical decision support systems use AI and machine learning to read medical data, spot patterns, and suggest what a clinician should look at next.
Now mainstream: the US FDA has authorised well over a thousand AI-enabled devices, around three-quarters in medical imaging (X-rays, CT, retinal scans).
1. Some tools match or beat specialists at narrow tasks such as flagging a tumour or diabetic eye damage.
The design principle is human-in-the-loop: the AI narrows attention to what matters, then a clinician makes the call. This creates a power question about how far a doctor should trust an opaque system. It is also a systems risk, because a confident wrong answer can propagate if nobody checks it.
Impact: earlier, faster, sometimes more accurate diagnosis. Implication: automation bias (deferring to the machine) and unclear accountability when the tool is wrong.

The Monitored Body

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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4.4A Medicine and Health

The organising concept is systems: care is a loop (symptoms, data, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring) and a change at one point ripples through the rest.
Keep impacts (changes already here, e.g. faster diagnosis) apart from implications (wider consequences, e.g. privacy risks, unequal access).
Content topics that meet here: data and AI (diagnosis, prediction), networks (care across distance), robots (surgery); values and ethics run throughout because health is high-stakes.

Diagnosis by Algorithm

Clinical decision support systems use AI and machine learning to read medical data, spot patterns, and suggest what a clinician should look at next.
Now mainstream: the US FDA has authorised well over a thousand AI-enabled devices, around three-quarters in medical imaging (X-rays, CT, retinal scans).
1. Some tools match or beat specialists at narrow tasks such as flagging a tumour or diabetic eye damage.
The design principle is human-in-the-loop: the AI narrows attention to what matters, then a clinician makes the call. This creates a power question about how far a doctor should trust an opaque system. It is also a systems risk, because a confident wrong answer can propagate if nobody checks it.
Impact: earlier, faster, sometimes more accurate diagnosis. Implication: automation bias (deferring to the machine) and unclear accountability when the tool is wrong.

The Monitored Body

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Topic 1 - Introduction - Digital Society1 subtopic

Topic 2 - Concepts - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 3 - Content - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 4 - Contexts - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 5 - Challenges and Interventions - Digital Society (HL)3 subtopics

IB Digital Society 4.4A Medicine and Health Notes

Topic 1 - Introduction - Digital Society1 subtopic

Topic 2 - Concepts - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 3 - Content - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 4 - Contexts - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 5 - Challenges and Interventions - Digital Society (HL)3 subtopics

4.4A Medicine and Health

Diagnosis by Algorithm

The Monitored Body

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

4.4A Medicine and Health

Diagnosis by Algorithm

The Monitored Body

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account