IB Digital Society Topic 3.3D Evolution of Computing Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Digital Society Topic 3.3D Evolution of Computing Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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3.3D Evolution of Computing

The long arc of computing

The first electronic computers (1940s) filled entire rooms, cost a fortune and were owned by governments and universities; within a lifetime that power shrank to fit a pocket and became cheap enough for billions to own.
The whole story runs on one force: miniaturisation. As the switching parts got smaller, computers got faster and cheaper and used less power.
Historians split the arc into generations, each defined by its switching component. Each newer generation used a smaller switching component than the one before.

The generations of hardware

The first generation ran on vacuum tubes, glass valves the size of a lightbulb acting as switches: bulky, hot and failure-prone, making machines enormous and unreliable.
The breakthrough was the transistor, a tiny solid switch using far less power; then the integrated circuit (many transistors on one slice of silicon); then the microprocessor (a whole processor on one chip).
Each generation did the same job with a smaller, cheaper, more reliable part: a modern fingernail-sized chip holds billions of switches that once filled a building.
1. The integrated circuit was the pivotal leap: etching transistors together let manufacturers mass-produce complex circuits cheaply, which is why computing could be made in large quantities at low cost.

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Topic 1 - Introduction - Digital Society1 subtopic

Topic 2 - Concepts - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 3 - Content - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 4 - Contexts - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 5 - Challenges and Interventions - Digital Society (HL)3 subtopics

IB Digital Society 3.3D Evolution of Computing Notes

Topic 1 - Introduction - Digital Society1 subtopic

Topic 2 - Concepts - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 3 - Content - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 4 - Contexts - Digital Society7 subtopics

Topic 5 - Challenges and Interventions - Digital Society (HL)3 subtopics

3.3D Evolution of Computing

The long arc of computing

The generations of hardware

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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3.3D Evolution of Computing

The long arc of computing

The generations of hardware

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account