IB Design Technology Topic 5.2 Innovation Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Design Technology Topic 5.2 Innovation Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Innovation

Innovation vs. Invention – What's the Difference?

An invention is a completely new idea or product.
An innovation is when that invention is improved or used in a way that makes it practical and popular.

Example

The iPhone wasn’t a brand-new invention—touchscreens, smartphones, and mobile apps already existed.
But Apple combined them in a way that changed the market.
That’s innovation.

Example

If you created a completely new type of battery that lasts 10 years, that would be an invention.
If a company figured out how to make it cheap and put it in phones, that would be innovation.

Types of Innovation

Sustaining Innovation (Small, Continuous Improvements)

This is when companies keep improving a product to stay competitive.

Example

Smartphones – Every year, phone cameras, battery life, and processors get better.
Video game consoles – PlayStation and Xbox improve graphics and performance over time.
Cars – Newer models get better gas mileage, new safety features, and smarter technology.

How companies do this:

Adding new features (like facial recognition in phones).
Making things cheaper (like Tesla cutting battery costs).
Expanding product options (like Apple offering different iPhone sizes).

Disruptive Innovation (Changes the Entire Industry)

This is when a product or service is so new and different that it forces existing companies to change—or fail.
Companies that don’t adapt to these disruptions often struggle or go out of business (like Blockbuster when Netflix took over).

Example

Streaming (Netflix, YouTube, Spotify) replaced DVDs and CDs.
Uber & Lyft disrupted the taxi industry.
3D printing is changing manufacturing, allowing people to print objects at home.

Process Innovation (Changing How Things Are Made or Sold)

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Innovation

Innovation vs. Invention – What's the Difference?

An invention is a completely new idea or product.
An innovation is when that invention is improved or used in a way that makes it practical and popular.

Example

The iPhone wasn’t a brand-new invention—touchscreens, smartphones, and mobile apps already existed.
But Apple combined them in a way that changed the market.
That’s innovation.

Example

If you created a completely new type of battery that lasts 10 years, that would be an invention.
If a company figured out how to make it cheap and put it in phones, that would be innovation.

Types of Innovation

Sustaining Innovation (Small, Continuous Improvements)

This is when companies keep improving a product to stay competitive.

Example

Smartphones – Every year, phone cameras, battery life, and processors get better.
Video game consoles – PlayStation and Xbox improve graphics and performance over time.
Cars – Newer models get better gas mileage, new safety features, and smarter technology.

How companies do this:

Adding new features (like facial recognition in phones).
Making things cheaper (like Tesla cutting battery costs).
Expanding product options (like Apple offering different iPhone sizes).

Disruptive Innovation (Changes the Entire Industry)

This is when a product or service is so new and different that it forces existing companies to change—or fail.
Companies that don’t adapt to these disruptions often struggle or go out of business (like Blockbuster when Netflix took over).

Example

Streaming (Netflix, YouTube, Spotify) replaced DVDs and CDs.
Uber & Lyft disrupted the taxi industry.
3D printing is changing manufacturing, allowing people to print objects at home.

Process Innovation (Changing How Things Are Made or Sold)

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1. Human factors and ergonomics3 subtopics

2. Resource management and sustainable production6 subtopics

3. Modelling5 subtopics

4. Final production11 subtopics

5. Innovation and design7 subtopics

6. Classic design2 subtopics

7. User-centered design (HL)5 subtopics

8. Sustainability in design (HL)4 subtopics

9. Innovation and markets (HL)5 subtopics

10. Commercial production (HL)5 subtopics

IB Design Technology 5.2 Innovation Notes

1. Human factors and ergonomics3 subtopics

2. Resource management and sustainable production6 subtopics

3. Modelling5 subtopics

4. Final production11 subtopics

5. Innovation and design7 subtopics

6. Classic design2 subtopics

7. User-centered design (HL)5 subtopics

8. Sustainability in design (HL)4 subtopics

9. Innovation and markets (HL)5 subtopics

10. Commercial production (HL)5 subtopics

Innovation

Innovation vs. Invention – What's the Difference?

Types of Innovation

Sustaining Innovation (Small, Continuous Improvements)

Disruptive Innovation (Changes the Entire Industry)

Process Innovation (Changing How Things Are Made or Sold)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Innovation

Innovation vs. Invention – What's the Difference?

Types of Innovation

Sustaining Innovation (Small, Continuous Improvements)

Disruptive Innovation (Changes the Entire Industry)

Process Innovation (Changing How Things Are Made or Sold)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account