Product Obsolescence
Obsolescence
Obsolescence is when a product becomes outdated, unwanted, or no longer functional before the end of its useful life — often by design.
Designers and companies may use obsolescence to drive repeat purchases, but this can have serious consequences for the environment, economy, and society.
Types of Obsolescence
Planned Obsolescence
Planned obsolescence
Planned obsolescence is when a product is intentionally designed to become outdated or less useful after a certain period. This is done to encourage repeat purchases, or to allow for new technologies or safety improvements in future versions.
Inkjet printers with chipped cartridges - Some printers are designed to reject third-party cartridges or stop functioning after a set number of prints, even if they’re still usable.
Social Obsolescence
Social Obsolesence
Social obsolescence happens when a product loses value or usefulness due to external social, economic, or cultural changes—not because the product itself is faulty. This can include shifts in trends, technology, or user expectations.
Apple iPhones (annual model releases)
- Consumers often upgrade to newer models for features or status, even when older phones work perfectly well.
- Peer pressure and marketing can make older devices seem undesirable.
Style Obsolescence
Style Obsolesence
Style obsolescence occurs when a product becomes undesirable due to changing fashions or trends. However, because fashion is cyclical, older styles can regain popularity—as seen with retro or vintage trends.
Fast fashion from brands like Zara or H&M - Clothing trends change rapidly, making last season’s styles feel outdated, even if the clothes are still in good condition.
Functional Obsolescence
Functional Obsolescence
Functional obsolescence occurs when a product wears out or breaks down over time and can no longer perform its original function. This can happen if replacement parts or essential services are no longer available, making the product unusable even if it's physically intact.
