Notes for B3.4.7 Input sensors in digital systems - IB | RevisionDojo
B3.4.7 Input sensors in digital systems Notes
Input Sensors in Digital Systems
Note
Digital systems often follow an input–process–output model.
At the input stage, sensors are used to detect changes in the environment and feed this data into the system for further processing.
Common Sensors and Their Uses:
Sensor Type
What It Detects
Example Use Case
Accelerometer
Motion / tilt / vibration
Step counter in smartwatches
Ultrasonic
Distance / proximity
Parking sensors in cars
Photoresistor
Light levels
Auto-brightness in phone screens
Voltage sensor
Voltage / electrical levels
Soil moisture monitoring (moisture = voltage)
Hygrometer
Humidity & air temperature
Smart thermostats, weather stations
Pressure sensor
Atmospheric / barometric pressure
Altimeters in drones or aircraft
Microphone
Sound / audio waves
Voice commands in smart speakers
Infrared sensor
Heat / radiation
Motion detection in security systems
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Note
The Input-Process-Output Model
Digital systems often follow an input–process–output model.
At the input stage, sensors are used to detect changes in the environment and feed this data into the system for further processing.
AnalogyThink of a digital system like a human body: sensors are like our senses (eyes, ears, etc.), the brain processes the information, and our actions are the output.
DefinitionInput-Process-Output ModelA framework used in digital systems where data is collected (input), processed, and then results are produced (output).
ExampleIn a smart thermostat, the temperature sensor (input) sends data to the processor, which decides whether to turn the heating on or off (output).
