Testing with Models, Prototypes and Mock-Ups
In A2.2.1, you explored how modelling and prototyping support sustainable design. Now, the focus shifts to using those models to test, gather feedback, and improve performance based on data and end-user input.
Importance of Testing Models
- Validate whether the product meets design specifications
- Identify usability or performance issues
- Gather real-world feedback from users
- Refine the design before committing to full production
Prototypes are not final products. They are iterative tools used to explore, test, and refine design concepts.
Building Without Testing
Students often create a model, usually focused on appearance or aesthetics, but fail to test it or use it to inform further development.
Choosing the Right Fidelity
| Fidelity Level | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Low Fidelity | Explore basic form or layout | Paper/cardboard model, quick sketch |
| Medium Fidelity | Assess size, ergonomics, or part arrangement | Foam model, 3D printed shell |
| High Fidelity | Test functionality and performance | Working prototype, electronics-integrated model |
Use low-fidelity models early for quick feedback. Move to higher fidelity as the design becomes more refined.
Airbnb began with a basic website to test the idea of renting air mattresses. Early feedback revealed concerns about safety and trust, leading to features like user reviews and verified profiles that shaped the platform’s success.
Testing with End-Users
Involve target users or stakeholders during testing to:
- Evaluate comfort, function, or clarity
- Understand how people interact with your design
- Collect both qualitative (opinions, behaviour) and quantitative (measurements, times, accuracy) data
Generating Performance Data
Use prototypes to gather data that informs design decisions, such as:
- Usability metrics (e.g. time, errors, satisfaction)
- User feedback (comments, observations)
- Technical performance (functionality, reliability)
A student designs a wearable fitness tracker:
- Stage 1: Card wristband model to test strap size (low fidelity)
- Stage 2: 3D printed case tested for fit and comfort (medium fidelity)
- Stage 3: Working prototype with sensors tested during exercise (high fidelity)
- Result: Feedback reveals the button is hard to press while moving → adjusted placement.
