Most traditional making is subtractive: you start with a block and cut material away. Additive manufacturing (the category defined in A4.1.1) does the opposite, building an object up from nothing, one thin layer at a time, until the shape is complete.
Several techniques share the layer-by-layer idea but differ in the material and how each layer is formed. This lesson covers LOM, FDM and SLA; the powder-based method selective laser sintering (SLS) is covered in A4.1.4.
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
LOM is a system that slices a 3D CAD model into thin layers, then cuts each layer from material using a laser or plotter cutter. The layers are glued together in order to form a 3D model.
LOM builds a part from stacked sheets. A layer of material, usually paper, plastic or metal, is bonded to the one below with heat and pressure, a laser or blade cuts that layer to the right cross-section, and the process repeats sheet by sheet until the object is finished.
| Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|
| Cost-effective: uses inexpensive materials like paper. | Surface finish: rougher than other methods. |
| Large scale: suitable for large objects. | Material limits: restricted to sheet-based materials. |
| Minimal waste: excess material can often be reused. | Complexity: less suited to intricate designs. |
It uses cheap sheet material with little waste and can make large objects, but the surface is rough and it struggles with fine detail, so it suits quick prototypes and architectural models where cost and speed matter more than finish.
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