Input–Process–Output–Feedback Loop
- Input: The input stage involves sensors or devices that collect data from the environment.
- Process: The process stage analyzes and interprets the input data, often using microcontrollers or processors.
- Output: The output stage produces a response based on the processed data, such as activating a motor or displaying information.
- Feedback: The feedback loop monitors the output and adjusts the system to maintain desired performance.
The feedback loop is what distinguishes a closed-loop system from an open-loop system, enabling dynamic adjustments based on real-time data.
1 - Input
Definition
Input
What is put into a system
- Sensors: Devices that detect physical changes (e.g., temperature, light, motion) and convert them into electrical signals.
- Examples:
- Temperature Sensor: Converts heat into a voltage signal.
- Light Sensor: Detects light intensity and produces a corresponding electrical output.
2 - Process
Definition
Processing Devices
Components that are responsible for interpreting, manipulating and storing data in an electronic system
- Microcontrollers: Small computers that process input data using predefined algorithms.
- Functions:
- Data Analysis: Interprets sensor data.
- Decision-Making: Determines the appropriate response based on the analysis.
Think of the process stage as the brain of the system, making decisions based on the information it receives from the sensors.
3 - Output
Definition
Output
What comes out of a system
- Actuators: Devices that convert electrical signals into physical actions (e.g., motors, displays).
- Examples:
- Motor: Turns on to open a valve.
- LED Display: Shows temperature readings.
