Mechanical Systems
Mechanical systems are designed to manipulate motion by adjusting:
- Speed: How fast an object moves.
- Direction: The path an object follows.
- Power: The force applied to move an object.
Gear-Driven Systems
Definition
Gear
A toothed wheel that meshes with another to transmit motion or change speed/direction.
- Use interlocking toothed wheels to transfer rotary motion.
- Can change speed, torque, or direction depending on gear size.
- Common in clocks, bicycles, and car transmissions.
Gear Ratios
The gear ratio is the ratio of the number of teeth on two interlocking gears. It determines the relationship between speed and torque.
$$\text{Gear Ratio} = \frac{\text{Number of Teeth on Driven Gear}}{\text{Number of Teeth on Driver Gear}}$$
Belt-Driven Systems
Definition
Belt-Driven System
A belt transfers power between at least two pulleys — the driver pulley moves the belt, and the driven pulley is moved by it.
How Belt-Driven Systems Work
- Use belts and pulleys to transfer motion over a distance.
- Often used where smooth, quiet operation is preferred.
- Found in fans, sewing machines, and car engines.
Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages:
- Quiet operation
- Flexibility in layout
- Disadvantages:
- Slippage can occur, reducing efficiency
- Belts may wear out over time
Cam Systems
Definition
Cam
A mechanical part that converts rotational motion into linear motion.
- Use a rotating cam to convert rotary motion into reciprocating or linear motion.
- Profile shape of cam determines the follower's movement.
