IB Computer Science Topic B.3 Visualization…

A self-driving car relies on a series of lasers and cameras that combine with high definition maps to give a three-dimensional (3D) view of the environment. Rules are programmed into the system so that the car drives at an optimum speed, keeps a safe distance from any vehicle in front, uses fuel economically and follows the traffic regulations.

(a) the need for high definition maps held in memory.

(b) how analysing successive 3D images in memory helps the car to drive safely.

(e) can a pilot's performance in a simulated environment be used to predict their actual behavior during a genuine in-flight crisis?

(e) how an error in data entry, such as entering a negative value for weight, would affect the shipping model's output.

(f) a method to verify if the social media 'Active Reach' model provides a realistic prediction of actual user engagement.

(e) how the model could be used to estimate the minimum number of "no car" weekends that would be needed to keep the town's daily values averaged across the year from exceeding 40 μgm^-3.

(d) the social implications of self-driving cars.

Commercial airlines and military organizations utilize advanced flight simulators to train pilots in a controlled environment. These systems use complex mathematical models to replicate the aerodynamics of an aircraft and the physics of the surrounding atmosphere.

Simulated environments allow pilots to experience a wide range of flight conditions, from routine take-offs to critical mechanical failures, without leaving the ground.

(a) four technical requirements that must be met for a flight simulator to provide a high-fidelity (highly realistic) experience for a trainee pilot.

(b) the term real-time simulation.

(c) why certain atmospheric phenomena, such as localized microbursts or extreme turbulence, are difficult for simulators to model with absolute precision.

(d) the advantages of using flight simulations for emergency procedure training compared to using actual aircraft.

The automated management system of a hydroelectric dam uses a computer-based simulation to regulate water flow and safety. For example, the system:

controls the positioning of the main intake valves, the turbine speeds, and the spillway gates
allows the operator to switch between different operational modes, such as maximum power generation or flood mitigation.

The simulation software processes high-frequency data from a network of physical sensors to maintain a real-time model of the reservoir's status.

(c) two distinct output devices or actuators that the simulation software controls to manage the physical infrastructure of the dam.

An international shipping company calculates delivery fees based on the weight of the parcel and the destination zone. The pricing structure for 'Standard' shipping to Zone A is shown below:

Weight ( $W$ )	Price per kg (Zone A)
$W \le 5 \text{ kg}$	$\\$ 12.00$
$5 < W \le 15 \text{ kg}$	10.00$

For any delivery to Zone B, a fixed 'International Surcharge' of ${\char36}25.00$ is added to the total weight-based price.

(b) the variables and the logical steps required to model the total cost for any single shipment.

(c) an algorithm that processes a batch of 50 orders. For each order, the algorithm should take the weight and zone as input, determine the correct shipping fee, and output the Order ID (from 1 to 50) along with its calculated fee.

Air pollution is a concern for public health. One measure of air pollution is the amount of PM10 (particles measuring less than 10 micrometres) in the air. European legislation has been put into place which requires that any town with over 100,000 inhabitants has to keep within the following limits of PM10:

The average PM10 value in one day must not exceed 50 micrograms per cubic metre (50 $\mu g\, m^{-3}$ ) more than 35 times in the year.
The daily values averaged across the whole year (measured from 1 January) must not exceed 40 micrograms per cubic metre (40 $\mu g\, m^{-3}$ ).

In an industrial town, PM10 measurements are taken once an hour, recorded and stored. A complete model of hourly measurements is built up over the year. At the end of the year the town produces a report which includes the following:

a chart of the average daily values
the number of days the average exceeded 50 $\mu g\, m^{-3}$
the daily values averaged across the year.

(a) , using a sketch or otherwise, a method of organizing the stored data in a spreadsheet for easy reference and analysis.

(b) how the hourly results could be used to output the results required daily and also to produce an end-of-year report.

(d) how one of the patterns from part (2) could help the town plan for the future.

(a) The simulation software monitors the reservoir height ( $h$ ) and the rate of water inflow ( $Q$ ) from surrounding rivers to predict future water levels. During periods of heavy rainfall, the software must decide whether to activate the emergency overflow gates.

the four logical steps the software must perform to determine if the overflow gates should be opened.

(b) A simulation model is an abstraction of reality. one physical attribute of the dam that would be treated as a constant parameter in the software, and why it would not be represented as a variable.

(a) the total shipping fee for a parcel weighing $8 \text{ kg}$ being sent to Zone B.

(d) With reference to spreadsheet software, how a model could be built to predict the daily 'Active Reach' of a social media advertisement. Every day, the ad receives new views ( $V$ ), but it also retains only $40\%$ of the 'Active Reach' from the previous day due to audience saturation.

IB Computer Science B.3 Visualization Questionbank

IB Computer Science B.3 Visualization Questionbank

IB Computer Science B.3 Visualization Questionbank

IB Computer Science B.3 Visualization Questionbank

IB Computer Science (CS) Topic B.3 Visualization Questionbank