Notes for B4.1.6 Explaining the Core Principles of ADTs (HL only) - IB | RevisionDojo
B4.1.6 Explaining the Core Principles of ADTs (HL only) Notes
Core Principles of Abstract Data Types (ADTs)
High-Level Description
An ADT (Abstract Data Type) describes:
What operations can be performed.
Not necessarily how they are implemented.
Separates the logical view (concepts and operations) from the implementation (data structures, code).
Example
Stack (push/pop), Queue (enqueue/dequeue), Set (union/intersection).
Purpose of ADTs
Provide a blueprint for data handling.
Allow programmers to work with consistent interfaces while underlying implementation can change.
Promote modularity and reusability in programming.
Underlying Mechanics
Hash Tables
Store data using a hash function to map keys → values.
Must handle collisions (chaining, open addressing).
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Note
Introduction to Abstract Data Types (ADTs)
An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is a theoretical concept that defines a data structure by its behavior rather than its implementation.
It specifies what operations can be performed on the data, not how they are implemented.
Think of ADTs as a contract that guarantees certain functionalities without revealing the underlying details.
Analogy
Think of an ADT like a remote control - you know what buttons (operations) are available, but you don't need to know how the electronics inside work.
Example
A Stack ADT defines operations like push, pop, and peek, but doesn't specify whether it's implemented using an array or a linked list.
