Structure: Each node has data and a pointer to the next node.
Operations:
Insertion: O(1) at head; O(n) at tail (unless a tail pointer exists).
Deletion: O(1) at head; O(n) elsewhere (need previous node).
Traversal: O(n), must visit each node in sequence.
Search: O(n), full traversal in worst case.
Doubly Linked List
Structure: Each node has data, previous pointer, and next pointer.
Operations:
Insertion/Deletion: O(1) at head or tail; O(1) in middle if node reference is known.
Traversal: O(n) forward or backward.
Search: O(n), same as singly.
Benefit: Easier bidirectional traversal and deletion without needing previous node.
Circular Linked List
Structure: Last node points back to the first node, forming a loop.
Operations:
Insertion/Deletion: O(1) at head or tail.
Traversal: O(n), but continues indefinitely without careful stopping conditions.
Search: O(n), as with other linked lists.
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What is the structure of a singly linked list?
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Note
Introduction to Linked Lists
A linked list is a linear data structure where elements are stored in nodes, and each node points to the next one. Unlike arrays, linked lists do not store elements in contiguous memory locations.
Each node typically contains:
Data: The value or information.
Pointer/Reference: A link to the next node.
The first node is called the head, and the last node points to null (or nil), indicating the end of the list.
DefinitionNodeA fundamental unit of a linked list containing data and a pointer to the next node.
AnalogyThink of a linked list like a chain of paper clips, where each clip holds a piece of paper (data) and hooks onto the next clip (pointer).
Example
A simple linked list with three nodes might look like this:
Node 1: Data = 10, Pointer = Address of Node 2
Node 2: Data = 20, Pointer = Address of Node 3
Node 3: Data = 30, Pointer = null
NoteUnlike arrays, linked lists do not require a predefined size, making them more flexible for dynamic data storage.
