Purpose and Characteristics of Networks
The Purpose of Networks
- Resource Sharing: Networks enable multiple devices to share resources (Peripherals, Data, Software) such as printers, files, software, and internet connections.
- Communication: They facilitate communication through email, messaging, and video conferencing.
- Data Management: Networks allow centralized data storage and management, improving efficiency and security.
- Scalability: Networks can be expanded to accommodate more devices and users as needed.
The primary goal of a LAN is to facilitate the sharing of resources such as files, printers, and software applications among multiple users in a local area.
Characteristics of Networks
- Topology: The physical or logical arrangement of devices in a network.
- Protocols: Rules governing data transmission, such as TCP/IP.
- Bandwidth: The maximum data transfer rate of a network.
- Latency: The delay in data transmission.
- Security: Measures to protect data and devices from unauthorized access.
- Media: The means of connectivity and communications, such as Ethernet cables or WiFi.
When analyzing a network, consider both its purpose (e.g., resource sharing, communication) and its characteristics (e.g., topology, protocols) to understand its design and functionality.
Types of Networks
Local Area Network (LAN)
Definition
Local Area Netwrok (LAN)
A LAN connects devices over a short distance, typically within a building or campus.
- Characteristics:
- High Data Transfer Rates: Usually between 100 Mbps and 10 Gbps.
- Low Latency: Minimal delay in data transmission.
- Wired or Wireless: Often a mix of both.
- Purpose: To share resources like files, printers, and applications among local users.
Office networks, school campuses, hospitals.
Note- Longer distances introduce latency.
- LANs are characterized by high data transfer rates and relatively low latency.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Definition
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A WAN connects devices across large geographic areas, such as cities or countries.
