IB Chemistry Topic S3.1.7 Discontinuities in Ionization Energy Trends Revision Notes (HL)

IB Chemistry Topic S3.1.7 Discontinuities in Ionization Energy Trends Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Ionization Energy Rises Across a Period, But Not Smoothly

Moving across a period, the nuclear charge increases as protons are added to the nucleus.
Electrons are added to the same principal energy level, so shielding stays roughly constant.
The stronger pull between the nucleus and the outer electrons raises the first ionization energy.
This steady rise is broken at two points in each period, and those dips are the clue to sublevels.

The Two Dips That Break the Trend

Group 2 to Group 13 (for example, Be to B)

Beryllium has a full 2s² sublevel, while boron's outer electron begins the 2p sublevel.
The 2p electron is higher in energy and is shielded by the 2s electrons, so less energy is needed to remove it.

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Ionization Energy Rises Across a Period, But Not Smoothly

Moving across a period, the nuclear charge increases as protons are added to the nucleus.
Electrons are added to the same principal energy level, so shielding stays roughly constant.
The stronger pull between the nucleus and the outer electrons raises the first ionization energy.
This steady rise is broken at two points in each period, and those dips are the clue to sublevels.

The Two Dips That Break the Trend

Group 2 to Group 13 (for example, Be to B)

Beryllium has a full 2s² sublevel, while boron's outer electron begins the 2p sublevel.
The 2p electron is higher in energy and is shielded by the 2s electrons, so less energy is needed to remove it.

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S3.1.7 Discontinuities in Ionization Energy Trends Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

Ionization Energy Rises Across a Period, But Not Smoothly

The Two Dips That Break the Trend

Group 2 to Group 13 (for example, Be to B)

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Ionization Energy Rises Across a Period, But Not Smoothly

The Two Dips That Break the Trend

Group 2 to Group 13 (for example, Be to B)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account