IB Chemistry S3.1.10 Color of Transition Metal Complexes Notes

Why Transition Metal Complexes Are Coloured

d-Orbital Splitting and Light Absorption

Transition metal complexes are often brightly coloured because of their d-electrons.

Transition metals have partially filled d-orbitals, and when ligands approach, the normally degenerate d-orbitals split into two sets of different energy.

This d-orbital splitting happens because ligands interact more strongly with some d-orbitals than others.

When white light shines on the complex, specific wavelengths are absorbed.

A d-electron absorbs energy and is promoted from the lower-energy to the higher-energy set of d-orbitals.

The energy gap ($\Delta E$) between the split d-orbitals equals the energy of the absorbed light.

The wavelengths that are not absorbed are transmitted or reflected, and these determine the colour we see.

The observed colour is the complementary colour of the light absorbed.

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IB Chemistry S3.1.10 Color of Transition Metal Complexes Notes

Why Transition Metal Complexes Are Coloured

d-Orbital Splitting and Light Absorption

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Why Transition Metal Complexes Are Coloured

d-Orbital Splitting and Light Absorption

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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S3.1.10 Color of Transition Metal Complexes Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

Why Transition Metal Complexes Are Coloured

d-Orbital Splitting and Light Absorption

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Why Transition Metal Complexes Are Coloured

d-Orbital Splitting and Light Absorption

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