IB Chemistry Topic S2.2.3 Coordination Bonds Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Chemistry Topic S2.2.3 Coordination Bonds Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Coordination Bonds: A Special Type of Covalent Bond

What is a Coordination Bond?

Definition

Coordination bond

A coordination bond (also known as a dative covalent bond) forms when both electrons in the shared pair come from the same atom.

This occurs when one atom, the donor, has a lone pair of electrons available, and another atom or ion, the acceptor, has an empty orbital ready to accommodate them.

Example

Consider a hydrogen ion ($H^+$), which is essentially a proton with no electrons.
When it encounters a water molecule ($H_2O$), the oxygen atom in water can donate a lone pair of electrons to bond with the hydrogen ion, forming a hydronium ion ($H_3O^+$).
The bond between the oxygen atom and the additional hydrogen ion is a coordination bond.

Key Characteristics:

Once formed, a coordination bond behaves identically to a regular covalent bond.
The donor atom is typically a Lewis base (an electron pair donor).
The acceptor atom or ion acts as a Lewis acid (an electron pair acceptor).

Note

Lewis acids and bases are discussed at HL level in Reactivity 3.4 topic.

Example

Consider the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺).
It forms when ammonia (NH₃), which has a lone pair of electrons on its nitrogen atom, donates this pair to bond with a hydrogen ion (H⁺).
This creates a coordination bond between nitrogen and the added hydrogen.

Real-World Examples of Coordination Bonds

Hydronium Ion ($H_3O^+$):

When an acid dissolves in water, it releases $H^+$ ions.

Nice try, unfortunately this paywall isn't as easy to bypass as you think. Want to help devleop the site? Join the team at https://revisiondojo.com/join-us. exercitation voluptate cillum ullamco excepteur sint officia do tempor Lorem irure minim Lorem elit id voluptate reprehenderit voluptate laboris in nostrud qui non Lorem nostrud laborum culpa sit occaecat reprehenderit

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Coordination Bonds: A Special Type of Covalent Bond

What is a Coordination Bond?

Definition

Coordination bond

A coordination bond (also known as a dative covalent bond) forms when both electrons in the shared pair come from the same atom.

This occurs when one atom, the donor, has a lone pair of electrons available, and another atom or ion, the acceptor, has an empty orbital ready to accommodate them.

Example

Consider a hydrogen ion ($H^+$), which is essentially a proton with no electrons.
When it encounters a water molecule ($H_2O$), the oxygen atom in water can donate a lone pair of electrons to bond with the hydrogen ion, forming a hydronium ion ($H_3O^+$).
The bond between the oxygen atom and the additional hydrogen ion is a coordination bond.

Key Characteristics:

Once formed, a coordination bond behaves identically to a regular covalent bond.
The donor atom is typically a Lewis base (an electron pair donor).
The acceptor atom or ion acts as a Lewis acid (an electron pair acceptor).

Note

Lewis acids and bases are discussed at HL level in Reactivity 3.4 topic.

Example

Consider the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺).
It forms when ammonia (NH₃), which has a lone pair of electrons on its nitrogen atom, donates this pair to bond with a hydrogen ion (H⁺).
This creates a coordination bond between nitrogen and the added hydrogen.

Real-World Examples of Coordination Bonds

Hydronium Ion ($H_3O^+$):

When an acid dissolves in water, it releases $H^+$ ions.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S2.2.3 Coordination Bonds Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

Coordination Bonds: A Special Type of Covalent Bond

What is a Coordination Bond?

Key Characteristics:

Real-World Examples of Coordination Bonds

Hydronium Ion ($H_3O^+$):

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Coordination Bonds: A Special Type of Covalent Bond

What is a Coordination Bond?

Key Characteristics:

Real-World Examples of Coordination Bonds

Hydronium Ion ($H_3O^+$):

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account