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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter
S1.1 Introduction to the particulate nature of matter
S1.2 The nuclear atom
S1.3 Electron configurations
S1.4 Counting particles by mass: The mole
S1.5 Ideal gases
Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure
S2.1 The ionic model
S2.2 The covalent model
S2.3 The metallic model
S2.4 From models to materials
Structure 3. Classification of matter
S3.1 The periodic table: Classification of elements
S3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compounds
Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?
R1.1 Measuring enthalpy change
R1.2 Energy cycles in reactions
R1.3 Energy from fuels
R1.4 Entropy and spontaneity (HL)
Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?
R2.1 How much? The amount of chemical change
R2.2 How fast? The rate of chemical change
R2.3 How far? The extent of chemical change
Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?
R3.1 Proton transfer reactions
R3.2 Electron transfer reactions
R3.3 Electron sharing reactions
R3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions
Pi bonds
Pi bonds form when p orbitals on adjacent atoms overlap sideways.
Sigma bonds
Sigma bonds form when atomic orbitals overlap head-on along the bond axis, the imaginary line connecting the nuclei of two bonded atoms.