IB Chemistry Topic S2.2.10 Chromatography Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Chemistry Topic S2.2.10 Chromatography Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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What is the Retardation Factor ($R_f$)?

Definition

Retardation factor

The retardation factor, $R_f$, is a dimensionless ratio that describes how far a substance travels relative to the solvent front in chromatography.

It is calculated using the formula: $$R_f = \frac{\text{Distance moved by the solute (spot)}}{\text{Distance moved by the solvent front}}$$
This value ranges between 0 and 1:
1. An $R_f$ near 0 indicates that the solute interacts strongly with the stationary phase, moving very little.
2. An $R_f$ near 1 suggests the solute has a stronger affinity for the mobile phase, traveling almost as far as the solvent front.

How is $R_f$ Measured?

Prepare the Chromatogram:
1. Apply a small spot of the mixture to the baseline of the chromatography medium (e.g., paper or a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate).
Develop the Chromatogram:
1. Place the medium in a closed chamber containing a solvent (the mobile phase).
2. The solvent moves upward, carrying the mixture components.
Mark and Measure:

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What is the Retardation Factor ($R_f$)?

Definition

Retardation factor

The retardation factor, $R_f$, is a dimensionless ratio that describes how far a substance travels relative to the solvent front in chromatography.

It is calculated using the formula: $$R_f = \frac{\text{Distance moved by the solute (spot)}}{\text{Distance moved by the solvent front}}$$
This value ranges between 0 and 1:
1. An $R_f$ near 0 indicates that the solute interacts strongly with the stationary phase, moving very little.
2. An $R_f$ near 1 suggests the solute has a stronger affinity for the mobile phase, traveling almost as far as the solvent front.

How is $R_f$ Measured?

Prepare the Chromatogram:
1. Apply a small spot of the mixture to the baseline of the chromatography medium (e.g., paper or a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate).
Develop the Chromatogram:
1. Place the medium in a closed chamber containing a solvent (the mobile phase).
2. The solvent moves upward, carrying the mixture components.
Mark and Measure:

Definition

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S2.2.10 Chromatography Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

What is the Retardation Factor ($R_f$)?

How is $R_f$ Measured?

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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What is the Retardation Factor ($R_f$)?

How is $R_f$ Measured?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account