IB Chemistry Topic R3.1.15 Appropriate Indicators for Titration Revision Notes (HL)

IB Chemistry Topic R3.1.15 Appropriate Indicators for Titration Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Understanding Key Terms: Equivalence Point vs. End Point

Before selecting an indicator, it's essential to distinguish two key terms:

Equivalence Point: The point in a titration where the acid and base have reacted in exact stoichiometric proportions.
End Point: The moment when the indicator changes color, signaling the titration's completion. Ideally, the end point should closely align with the equivalence point.

Example

$$
\text{HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H}_2\text{O(l)}
$$

The equivalence point occurs when 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH.

The Role of pH at the Equivalence Point

The pH at the equivalence point depends on the type of acid and base involved:

Strong Acid + Strong Base: $pH = 7$ (neutral solution of salt and water).
Weak Acid + Strong Base: $pH > 7$ (basic solution due to conjugate base hydrolysis).
Strong Acid + Weak Base: $pH < 7$ (acidic solution due to conjugate acid hydrolysis).
Weak Acid + Weak Base: pH depends on the relative strengths of the acid and base, often near neutral.

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Understanding Key Terms: Equivalence Point vs. End Point

Before selecting an indicator, it's essential to distinguish two key terms:

Equivalence Point: The point in a titration where the acid and base have reacted in exact stoichiometric proportions.
End Point: The moment when the indicator changes color, signaling the titration's completion. Ideally, the end point should closely align with the equivalence point.

Example

$$
\text{HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H}_2\text{O(l)}
$$

The equivalence point occurs when 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH.

The Role of pH at the Equivalence Point

The pH at the equivalence point depends on the type of acid and base involved:

Strong Acid + Strong Base: $pH = 7$ (neutral solution of salt and water).
Weak Acid + Strong Base: $pH > 7$ (basic solution due to conjugate base hydrolysis).
Strong Acid + Weak Base: $pH < 7$ (acidic solution due to conjugate acid hydrolysis).
Weak Acid + Weak Base: pH depends on the relative strengths of the acid and base, often near neutral.

Definition

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(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

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Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry R3.1.15 Appropriate Indicators for Titration Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

Understanding Key Terms: Equivalence Point vs. End Point

The Role of pH at the Equivalence Point

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Understanding Key Terms: Equivalence Point vs. End Point

The Role of pH at the Equivalence Point

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account