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Excess reactant
The excess reactant is the substance that remains after the reaction is complete because there’s more of it than needed.
Limiting reagent
In a chemical reaction, the limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first, stopping the reaction from proceeding further.
Theoretical yield
The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be formed based on the limiting reactant. It assumes the reaction proceeds to completion with no side reactions or losses.