IB Business Management Topic 5.9.4 Critical Infrastructures Revision Notes (HL)

IB Business Management Topic 5.9.4 Critical Infrastructures Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Supporting Advanced Digital Operations

There is a future where businesses can predict customer needs, process vast amounts of data in seconds, and adapt to changes instantly.
In fact, lots of businesses are already doing this without us realizing.
This is the power of advanced digital operations, driven by technologies like artificial neural networks, data centres, and cloud computing.

Note

This builds on concepts from the previous section by exploring how advanced digital operations support innovation and efficiency.

Artificial Neural Networks

Definition

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computing systems inspired by the human brain.

They consist of interconnected nodes, or "neurons," that process information and learn from data.

Tip

Think of ANNs as digital brains that can recognize patterns, make decisions, and improve over time.

How Do ANNs Work?

Input Layer: Receives data (e.g., images, text, numbers).
Hidden Layers: Process data through complex calculations.
Output Layer: Produces results (e.g., predictions, classifications).

Example

A retail company uses ANNs to analyze customer purchase history and predict future buying behavior.
This helps the company tailor marketing strategies and improve sales.

Applications of ANNs

Pattern Recognition: Identifying trends in data, such as fraud detection in banking.
Decision-Making: Supporting complex decisions, like supply chain optimization.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Supporting Advanced Digital Operations

There is a future where businesses can predict customer needs, process vast amounts of data in seconds, and adapt to changes instantly.
In fact, lots of businesses are already doing this without us realizing.
This is the power of advanced digital operations, driven by technologies like artificial neural networks, data centres, and cloud computing.

Note

This builds on concepts from the previous section by exploring how advanced digital operations support innovation and efficiency.

Artificial Neural Networks

Definition

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computing systems inspired by the human brain.

They consist of interconnected nodes, or "neurons," that process information and learn from data.

Tip

Think of ANNs as digital brains that can recognize patterns, make decisions, and improve over time.

How Do ANNs Work?

Input Layer: Receives data (e.g., images, text, numbers).
Hidden Layers: Process data through complex calculations.
Output Layer: Produces results (e.g., predictions, classifications).

Example

A retail company uses ANNs to analyze customer purchase history and predict future buying behavior.
This helps the company tailor marketing strategies and improve sales.

Applications of ANNs

Pattern Recognition: Identifying trends in data, such as fraud detection in banking.
Decision-Making: Supporting complex decisions, like supply chain optimization.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unit 1: Introduction to Business Management - Core operational components and business functions6 subtopics

Unit 2: HR Management - Motivation, Structure, Hierarchy7 subtopics

Unit 3: Financial Management - Accounting, Ratio evaluation, Core Financial Documents9 subtopics

Unit 4: Marketing Management - The 7 P's, strategies and forecasting6 subtopics

Unit 5: Operations Management - Production Methods, Production planning and management9 subtopics

BM Toolkit - Core business frameworks and tools15 subtopics

IB Business Management 5.9.4 Critical Infrastructures Notes

Unit 1: Introduction to Business Management - Core operational components and business functions6 subtopics

Unit 2: HR Management - Motivation, Structure, Hierarchy7 subtopics

Unit 3: Financial Management - Accounting, Ratio evaluation, Core Financial Documents9 subtopics

Unit 4: Marketing Management - The 7 P's, strategies and forecasting6 subtopics

Unit 5: Operations Management - Production Methods, Production planning and management9 subtopics

BM Toolkit - Core business frameworks and tools15 subtopics

Supporting Advanced Digital Operations

Artificial Neural Networks

How Do ANNs Work?

Applications of ANNs

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Supporting Advanced Digital Operations

Artificial Neural Networks

How Do ANNs Work?

Applications of ANNs

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account