IB Biology Topic D1.2.19 Recycling of Amino Acids by Proteasomes Revision Notes (HL)

IB Biology Topic D1.2.19 Recycling of Amino Acids by Proteasomes Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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The proteasome is the cell's recycling machine that degrades unwanted, damaged, or misfolded proteins into peptides and reusable amino acids.

Definition

Proteasome

A proteasome is a large, barrel-shaped protein complex found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Continuous turnover keeps the cell supplied with fresh proteins while clearing out those that are broken or no longer needed.

Analogy

A proteasome works like a recycling centre inside the cell.
It processes waste proteins into reusable amino acids.
Those amino acids are then reused to build new proteins.

Cells break proteins down because proteins are short-lived, prone to damage, and must be adjusted as conditions change.

Short lifespan means many proteins are temporary and are degraded once their job is done.
Damage and misfolding can be caused by reactive chemicals or environmental stress.
1. Misfolded proteins can disrupt cellular processes if they are not removed.
Adaptability lets cells respond to changing conditions by removing proteins they no longer need.

Tip

Ubiquitin tagging is highly specific, so only proteins marked for destruction are targeted.

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Note

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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The proteasome is the cell's recycling machine that degrades unwanted, damaged, or misfolded proteins into peptides and reusable amino acids.

Definition

Proteasome

A proteasome is a large, barrel-shaped protein complex found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Continuous turnover keeps the cell supplied with fresh proteins while clearing out those that are broken or no longer needed.

Analogy

A proteasome works like a recycling centre inside the cell.
It processes waste proteins into reusable amino acids.
Those amino acids are then reused to build new proteins.

Cells break proteins down because proteins are short-lived, prone to damage, and must be adjusted as conditions change.

Short lifespan means many proteins are temporary and are degraded once their job is done.
Damage and misfolding can be caused by reactive chemicals or environmental stress.
1. Misfolded proteins can disrupt cellular processes if they are not removed.
Adaptability lets cells respond to changing conditions by removing proteins they no longer need.

Tip

Ubiquitin tagging is highly specific, so only proteins marked for destruction are targeted.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic D1.2.19: Recycling of Amino Acids by Proteasomes Notes

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

The proteasome is the cell's recycling machine that degrades unwanted, damaged, or misfolded proteins into peptides and reusable amino acids.

Cells break proteins down because proteins are short-lived, prone to damage, and must be adjusted as conditions change.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

The proteasome is the cell's recycling machine that degrades unwanted, damaged, or misfolded proteins into peptides and reusable amino acids.

Cells break proteins down because proteins are short-lived, prone to damage, and must be adjusted as conditions change.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account