IB Biology Topic C4.2.12 Reductions in Energy Availability at Each Successive Stage in Food Chains Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic C4.2.12 Reductions in Energy Availability at Each Successive Stage in Food Chains Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Energy Availability Falls Along a Food Chain for Three Reasons

Less energy is available to each successive trophic level than to the one below it.

Cause 1: Not All of a Level Is Eaten

Not every organism or every part of an organism is consumed by the next trophic level.
The energy in uneaten material passes to decomposers rather than to higher trophic levels.

Example

A locust eats only parts of a plant and leaves the roots behind.
A predator often leaves behind bones and hair.

Cause 2: Not All Eaten Food Is Digested

Not all food that is eaten is digested and absorbed.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Energy Availability Falls Along a Food Chain for Three Reasons

Less energy is available to each successive trophic level than to the one below it.

Cause 1: Not All of a Level Is Eaten

Not every organism or every part of an organism is consumed by the next trophic level.
The energy in uneaten material passes to decomposers rather than to higher trophic levels.

Example

A locust eats only parts of a plant and leaves the roots behind.
A predator often leaves behind bones and hair.

Cause 2: Not All Eaten Food Is Digested

Not all food that is eaten is digested and absorbed.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic C4.2.12: Reductions in Energy Availability at Each Successive Stage in Food Chains Notes

Energy Availability Falls Along a Food Chain for Three Reasons

Cause 1: Not All of a Level Is Eaten

Cause 2: Not All Eaten Food Is Digested

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Energy Availability Falls Along a Food Chain for Three Reasons

Cause 1: Not All of a Level Is Eaten

Cause 2: Not All Eaten Food Is Digested

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics