IB Biology Topic C3.2.13 Antibiotics Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic C3.2.13 Antibiotics Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Antibiotics Attack Bacterial Processes Humans Do Not Have

Definition

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are chemical substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria by targeting bacterial structures and processes that do not exist in human (eukaryotic) cells.

Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacteria or stop them growing.
They work by blocking processes found only in bacteria, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA replication.
Because human cells do not carry out these bacterial processes, the drug harms the bacteria but not you, which is called selective toxicity.

Example

Penicillin blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis, so the bacteria burst and die.
Human cells have no cell wall, so penicillin leaves them untouched.

Antibiotics Hit Four Main Bacterial Targets

Cell wall synthesis
1. Many bacteria have a rigid wall made of peptidoglycan.
2. Penicillin blocks the enzymes that build this wall, so the cell bursts.
Protein synthesis
1. Bacterial ribosomes (70S) are different from human ribosomes (80S).

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Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Antibiotics Attack Bacterial Processes Humans Do Not Have

Definition

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are chemical substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria by targeting bacterial structures and processes that do not exist in human (eukaryotic) cells.

Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacteria or stop them growing.
They work by blocking processes found only in bacteria, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA replication.
Because human cells do not carry out these bacterial processes, the drug harms the bacteria but not you, which is called selective toxicity.

Example

Penicillin blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis, so the bacteria burst and die.
Human cells have no cell wall, so penicillin leaves them untouched.

Antibiotics Hit Four Main Bacterial Targets

Cell wall synthesis
1. Many bacteria have a rigid wall made of peptidoglycan.
2. Penicillin blocks the enzymes that build this wall, so the cell bursts.
Protein synthesis
1. Bacterial ribosomes (70S) are different from human ribosomes (80S).

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic C3.2.13: Antibiotics Notes

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

Antibiotics Attack Bacterial Processes Humans Do Not Have

Antibiotics Hit Four Main Bacterial Targets

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Antibiotics Attack Bacterial Processes Humans Do Not Have

Antibiotics Hit Four Main Bacterial Targets

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account