IB Biology Topic C2.2.2 Generation of the Resting Potential by Pumping Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic C2.2.2 Generation of the Resting Potential by Pumping Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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The Na⁺/K⁺ Pump and Membrane Permeability Hold the Neuron at About −70 mV

Resting potential is the electrical charge difference across a neuron's plasma membrane when it is not transmitting a signal.
It is typically about −70 mV, with the inside of the neuron more negative than the outside.
It is established and maintained by the sodium-potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺ pump) and by the membrane's selective permeability to ions.

The Na⁺/K⁺ Pump Uses ATP to Move 3 Na⁺ Out for Every 2 K⁺ In

The sodium-potassium pump is a transmembrane protein that actively transports ions against their concentration gradients.
For every 3 sodium ions (Na⁺) pumped out of the neuron, 2 potassium ions (K⁺) are pumped in.
1. This unequal exchange gives a net loss of positive charge from inside the neuron.
The pump uses ATP, so moving these ions against their gradients is active transport.

Tip

Remember 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in: this imbalance is key to the neuron's negative charge.

Three Factors Make the Inside of the Neuron Negative

Unequal ion exchange: the pump moves more positive ions out (3 Na⁺) than in (2 K⁺), creating a charge imbalance.

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The Na⁺/K⁺ Pump and Membrane Permeability Hold the Neuron at About −70 mV

Resting potential is the electrical charge difference across a neuron's plasma membrane when it is not transmitting a signal.
It is typically about −70 mV, with the inside of the neuron more negative than the outside.
It is established and maintained by the sodium-potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺ pump) and by the membrane's selective permeability to ions.

The Na⁺/K⁺ Pump Uses ATP to Move 3 Na⁺ Out for Every 2 K⁺ In

The sodium-potassium pump is a transmembrane protein that actively transports ions against their concentration gradients.
For every 3 sodium ions (Na⁺) pumped out of the neuron, 2 potassium ions (K⁺) are pumped in.
1. This unequal exchange gives a net loss of positive charge from inside the neuron.
The pump uses ATP, so moving these ions against their gradients is active transport.

Tip

Remember 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in: this imbalance is key to the neuron's negative charge.

Three Factors Make the Inside of the Neuron Negative

Unequal ion exchange: the pump moves more positive ions out (3 Na⁺) than in (2 K⁺), creating a charge imbalance.

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

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Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic C2.2.2: Generation of the Resting Potential by Pumping Notes

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

The Na⁺/K⁺ Pump and Membrane Permeability Hold the Neuron at About −70 mV

The Na⁺/K⁺ Pump Uses ATP to Move 3 Na⁺ Out for Every 2 K⁺ In

Three Factors Make the Inside of the Neuron Negative

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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The Na⁺/K⁺ Pump and Membrane Permeability Hold the Neuron at About −70 mV

The Na⁺/K⁺ Pump Uses ATP to Move 3 Na⁺ Out for Every 2 K⁺ In

Three Factors Make the Inside of the Neuron Negative

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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