B4.2.13 Competitive exclusion and the uniqueness of ecological niches
B4.2.13 Competitive exclusion and the uniqueness of ecological niches Notes
Why Two Species Can’t Share the Same Niche: The Competitive Exclusion Principle
In every ecosystem, species compete for limited resources such as food, water, space, and light.
If two species depend on the same resource in the same way, one will eventually outcompete the other.
This concept is known as the competitive exclusion principle.
Definition
Competitive exclusion principle
Two species cannot coexist indefinitely in the same ecological niche if resources are limiting.
Niche
Experimental Evidence: Tribolium Beetles
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Question 1
Recap question
What long-term effect does the competitive exclusion principle predict when two species exploit the exact same limiting resource under constant environmental conditions?
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Note
Introduction to Competitive Exclusion
The Competitive Exclusion Principle states that two species competing for the same limited resources cannot coexist indefinitely. Eventually, one species will outcompete the other, leading to either extinction or displacement of the less competitive species.
This principle highlights the importance of ecological niches, which are the specific roles or positions a species occupies in an ecosystem, including its habitat, diet, and behavior.
AnalogyThink of two businesses selling the exact same product in a small town. Eventually, one will likely drive the other out of business unless they find ways to differentiate themselves.
DefinitionCompetitive Exclusion PrincipleThe concept that two species competing for the same limited resources cannot coexist indefinitely; one will eventually outcompete the other.