Conditions Required for Coral Reef Formation
- Coral reefs are built by hard corals that form calcium carbonate skeletons.
- These corals live in mutualistic partnership with zooxanthellae, microscopic algae performing photosynthesis.
- Because light, temperature, water clarity, salinity, and pH are crucial for both corals and their symbiotic algae, reefs are highly dependent on specific abiotic conditions.
Depth Is Essential For Light Penetration
- Zooxanthellae need sunlight to produce energy. Without enough light, corals cannot grow or maintain their skeletons.
- Optimal Depth
- Corals typically inhabit waters less than 50 meters deep.
- Beyond this depth, light diminishes too much for effective photosynthesis.
Corals are often found in regions with clear water because turbidity (cloudiness) reduces the amount of light that can penetrate the water column.
Water Clarity Enables A Clear View for Photosynthesis
- Clarity Requirements
- Low turbidity ensures sunlight reaches zooxanthellae.
- Minimal sediment and pollutants are vital.
- Challenges
- Coastal development and deforestation increase sediment runoff.
- Turbid water can smother corals and block sunlight.
A common misconception is that corals can adapt to turbid conditions. In reality, prolonged turbidity can lead to coral bleaching and eventual death.
Self reviewWhy does water clarity play such a critical role in coral reef survival? How might human activities impact this factor?
Temperature Must Be In The Goldilocks Zone
- Optimal Range
- Coral reefs thrive in temperatures of about 23°C to 29°C.
- Temperatures outside this range stress corals.
- Coral Bleaching
